Is ADHD A Disability?

Medically reviewed by Laura Angers Maddox
Updated March 18, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and misunderstood condition affecting an estimated 6.1 million children and 4.4% of the adult population in the United States alone. 

When it comes to ADHD, our understanding is constantly evolving. While there’s still a lot that we do not know about this complex disorder, recent research has been implementing more robust frameworks for diagnosing and classifying ADHD. 

As such, discussions on whether or not ADHD should be considered one of the types of intellectual disabilities have become increasingly frequent. To dive deeper into the potential classification of ADHD as a disability, let’s first explore what experts currently understand from the existing body of evidence surrounding cognitive and behavioral differences between people with and without ADHD.

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Three classifications of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

It wasn’t until the early 20th century that science recognized ADHD as a diagnosable mental health condition. Initially, in 1902, the disorder was known as the “defect of moral control” and referred largely to behaviors such as impulsivity, disorganization, and restlessness. 

In the 1960s, there were no criteria for ADHD diagnosis, but by 1980 doctors had identified three categories of the condition: inattention, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined types. During this time, researchers studied clinically diagnosed children from academic settings and non-clinically diagnosed children from community settings. 

They then gathered the details from these studies to create a list of common characteristics of children affected by the disorder. This allowed professionals to develop clear guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in these new classifications. 

Since then, education surrounding ADHD has become more widespread thanks to growing research on its causes and effects. As a result, we are now much more able to recognize symptoms correctly and treat the disorder accordingly.

Primary inattentive type

Primary inattentive type ADHD was previously known as ADD or attention-deficit disorder. This type is characterized by difficulty paying attention to details and organizing tasks, difficulty following instructions, and difficulty with time management and meeting deadlines. People with this disorder may have trouble completing tasks because they become easily distracted or forgetful. They may also need help staying focused on conversations or activities for long periods. 

Other common symptoms of primary inattentive type ADHD include: 

  • Trouble multitasking
  • Poor memory recall 
  • Disorganization
  • Procrastination
  • Restlessness

Research suggests that people with this type of ADHD also tend to have difficulty managing their emotions and may be prone to depression or anxiety due to their struggles with focusing on tasks.

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A diagnosis for primary inattentive type ADHD typically involves an assessment from a medical professional such as a physician or psychologist specializing in diagnosing the disorder. 

The assessment will involve evaluating the person’s medical history and examining their behaviors related to attention deficits and other symptoms associated with the disorder. 

After the assessment, the medical professional can make a diagnosis based on whether or not there is sufficient evidence to support a diagnosis for primary inattentive type ADHD. 

Primary hyperactive-impulsive type

Those living with the primary hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD may engage in behaviors without thinking them through or considering the consequences. They may be overly talkative, fidgety, or easily distracted by noises or movements around them. They also tend to have difficulty waiting their turn when speaking or playing games, often blurting out answers before others have finished talking. 

This form of ADHD can have specific impacts on a person's daily life and functioning. For example, their lack of patience and reluctance to wait for directions could make them more prone to mishaps. They may also exhibit disruptive behaviors in social settings due to issues with impulse control and a lack of insight into the results of their actions.

The most common treatments for the primary hyperactive-impulsive type are behavioral therapy and medication management. Behavioral therapy focuses on helping the person develop self-control and self-control skills to manage impulsivity and hyperactivity in different situations. 

Medication management is used to help reduce some of the symptoms associated with the primary hyperactive-impulsive type, such as impulsivity, restlessness, and difficulty focusing on tasks. It’s important to note that behavioral therapy and medication management should be used together for optimal results. 

Combined type

The disorder's markers of inattention and impulsivity are present in those with combined type ADHD. Those of the combined type may have trouble staying concentrated, are quickly sidetracked, have difficulty paying attention to small details, and as a result, frequently experience feelings of worry and anxiety. They may also be prone to risk-taking and impulsive behaviors, such as talking excessively or interrupting conversations.

Each individual living with combined type ADHD requires a unique approach to therapy. Medication is typically administered to help manage symptoms associated with this illness. 

Increased concentration and decreased impulsivity and hyperactivity are two common reasons why doctors prescribe stimulants. In addition to medication, persons with combined type ADHD can benefit from alternative treatments, such as online therapy or adjustments in their way of life.

Individuals can benefit from therapy by learning coping mechanisms when their symptoms worsen and receiving emotional reinforcement. In addition, altering one's diet or engaging in more physical exercise can also positively impact one's health and well-being and may be helpful in the management of symptoms linked with this illness. 

Last but not least, those with combined type ADHD may benefit from frequent mental health checkups to ensure any underlying concerns are being effectively treated.

Are people with ADHD eligible for disability benefits?

The validity of ADHD as a disability remains a contentious issue. Many experts argue that ADHD is a set of abilities giving those living with it an increased chance at success in certain areas. Conversely, some consider it to be a disability due to its impact on the ability of individuals to control their behaviors and reactions. 

A wide range of symptoms can be associated with ADHD, including disorganization and distractibility that can interfere with everyday functioning, such as adhering to attendance policies at work or school, following through on commitments, and managing time efficiently. 

These symptoms do not typically impact only one area of life; they often affect multiple aspects simultaneously — from family relationships and social activities to academic and other professional pursuits. These impacts to everyday life can make it hard to fulfill the requirements of a job. Fortunately, certain provisions of employment law enforced by the federal government give protection and assistance to people considered disabled due to symptoms of ADHD.

Since diagnosis involves careful consideration of the complexities associated with this neurological condition, assessing whether or not ADHD is ultimately viewed as a disability necessitates a unique analysis for each case.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), an individual has a disability if they live with a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity”. ADHD is a disability covered by the ADA, which means employees who have been diagnosed with ADHD are protected from discrimination by federal law. The ADA states that people with a covered disability have the right to reasonable accommodation, which could include an altered work schedule, modifications to the work environment, and changes to job requirements. It also provides that disabled employees are protected from employer discrimination. For example, under the ADA, it is unlawful for employers to ask an employee with a disability about their medical history (unless accommodations are requested during the hiring process) or pass them over for a promotion because they asked for accommodations. 

These protections can be a helpful tool for individuals whose ADHD impacts their professional lives. However, it’s important to note that the ADA only applies to business with more than 15 employees, so not everyone is covered. Those who work for a small business may need to find other sources of protection, such as state or municipal laws. 

Individuals with ADHD can also qualify for disability benefits through Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI). To be eligible for benefits, disabled workers typically must prove that they are not working, their symptoms are severe, their condition is covered, their condition is the reason they are no longer working, and they cannot do other work. Typically, ADHD is covered under the “Neurodevelopmental disorders” section of conditions that qualify for Social Security benefits. Individuals who apply for benefits must provide evidence in the form of medical documents that prove the severity of their mental impairment. 

Addressing an ADHD diagnosis in online therapy

Online therapy can be a handy tool that those living with ADHD can take full advantage of. It allows everyone to enjoy the comfort of their home while engaging in mental health treatment tailored to their needs. 

There are many benefits associated with online therapy for those living with ADHD, including being able to witness improved communication, increased self-awareness, and better focus and concentration. In addition, through regular sessions with qualified professionals, individuals living with ADHD can improve their behaviors and expand on their coping strategies when faced with emotional or mental distress. 

On top of that, clients have more say over how often and when they receive support with online counseling. This therapeutic method fosters a nonjudgmental space where patients can tell what’s on their minds and receive constructive feedback on better managing their disorder.

Effectiveness of online therapy for ADHD symptoms

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the potential of online therapy to be a viable option for those with ADHD. Studies have shown that online therapy, which often incorporates various psychological therapeutic methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), can be effective for people with ADHD

These findings have been bolstered by further research, which indicates that online treatments tend to be widely accepted, demonstrating positive results and showing promise for providing a promising substitute for conventional face-to-face therapy. 

In many cases, online therapy has proven to be a helpful accompaniment to traditional forms of treatment. Ultimately, it appears that the science strongly suggests that when appropriately utilized, online therapy is an effective way to treat those with ADHD.

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Takeaway

We know that ADHD is a complex and misunderstood condition affecting millions of people in the United States. While we still do not know much about this disorder, recent research has been implementing more robust frameworks for diagnosing and classifying it. This has led to many discussions on whether or not ADHD should be considered a disability.

People living with ADHD are increasingly turning to online counseling. It was formerly believed that traditional therapy was the only choice for treating and controlling ADHD symptoms; however, research has shown that online therapies can be just as successful, if not more so. 

Positive benefits, such as better ADHD diagnosis and symptom control via focused therapies, have been shown across several studies of online therapy. In addition, because of its adaptability and convenience, online therapy can help folks who otherwise might struggle to get the treatment they need. 
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