Common Side Effects Of ADHD Medication
A potential treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, often abbreviated as ADHD, are prescription medications. Medications can have side effects for some people, so not all people with ADHD choose to take medication. Side effects are undesirable, adverse, or consequential effects that may occur when you are taking a medication or undergoing medical treatment. Talking to a doctor about your treatment options can help consider whether medication is right for you.
According to the FDA, side effects are "unwanted or unexpected events or a reaction to a drug. Side effects can either be minor, like a runny nose, to critical situations, such as a higher likelihood of a heart attack."
Treatment options for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
There is no “cure” for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This condition is present from birth and is a form of neurodiversity, a difference in brain functioning from those with “typical” behavior. Treatment may sometimes be used to help individuals manage symptoms that make daily functioning difficult due to a lack of accessibility or other challenges in their communities and personal lives. Both medication and therapy may be helpful in this process.
If you suspect that you or your child may have ADHD, the first step to getting treatment may be receiving an accurate diagnosis from a healthcare professional. Treatment plans for ADHD may involve a combination of therapy and medication.
Understanding different medications and dose considerations
Different medications for ADHD work via different mechanisms. There are two main categories of ADHD medications.
Stimulant ADHD medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Stimulant medications work by increasing levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, which are responsible for attention and focus. Stimulants are the most common ADHD medications prescribed because they’ve been shown to be effective in managing ADHD symptoms, like hyperactivity and disruptive behavior, in as many as 70% of adults and between 70 and 80% of children.
If stimulants cause unwanted side effects, your doctor may change your medication dosage or try a different medication. Stimulants are considered controlled substances because they may cause dependency if misused.
Non-stimulant ADHD medications
If stimulant medications don’t work to improve someone’s ADHD symptoms or they are contraindicated, a physician may recommend a non-stimulant medication. Non-stimulant medications work by targeting mainly norepinephrine to manage ADHD symptoms. Non-stimulants are not controlled substances and may be recommended for people who experience side effects from stimulants or people with a history of substance use.
The BetterHelp platform is not intended for any information regarding which drugs, medication, or medical treatment may be appropriate for you. The content provides generalized information that is not specific to one individual. You should not take any action without consulting a qualified medical professional.
Finding the right dose
Finding the right dosage can be part of minimizing the side effects of ADHD medication for some people. When beginning medication, you or your child may try different dosages to find what works best. Some symptoms, like headaches, may subside after a few weeks, while other symptoms, like moodiness or irritability, may signal the need to try a different dosage or medication. Talk with your doctor about any side effects that you may experience.
High blood pressure and other common side effects of ADHD medication
ADHD medications may cause side effects for some people, although they do not for everyone. Below are a few of the most common side effects of ADHD medication.
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Stimulants increase blood pressure and heart rate. Studies show that long-term stimulant medication use may increase the risk of developing heart disease and high blood pressure. While, in the past, researchers believed that long-term use of stimulant medications in children put them at risk of experiencing sudden cardiac death (sudden death), a recent meta-analysis of three studies with nearly two million subjects shows that this idea is a misconception.
Sleep problems
Some people may have difficulty sleeping when taking ADHD medication. If you or your child are taking short-acting stimulant medications and having difficulty sleeping at night, you may be taking the second or third dose of your medication too late in the day. Sleep issues may resolve over time as you or your child adjust to the medication. However, talk to your doctor before changing your medication schedule or dosage.
Moodiness and irritability
Some people may become moody or irritable when taking stimulants. If this symptom occurs, your doctor may recommend a different stimulant medication, a different dosage, or a non-stimulant medication.
Side effect questions
Individuals who experience side effects related to ADHD might consider speaking with their healthcare provider. They may be able to prescribe a medication that works better for a person’s specific needs. Some medications or combinations of medications may work better for different people with ADHD.
Therapy to manage symptoms
In addition to medication, certain types of therapy may be effective in managing symptoms of ADHD.
While medication may be effective in managing behavior in some younger people with ADHD, experts recommend that children younger than 12 years old try behavior therapy. Behavior therapy may help children modify behaviors and learn positive behaviors. Since behavior therapy may be more effective when overseen by the parents at home, the child’s doctor may recommend parent training in behavior therapy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been proven to be effective in managing ADHD symptoms in adults. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for ADHD aims to help people with ADHD identify negative thought and behavior patterns and restructure them into more positive and beneficial thoughts and behaviors.
Online therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of ADHD, especially for people and families who might be on waiting lists for in-person therapists or lack providers in their area. Sites like BetterHelp can match you with a mental health professional from their network online.
Online therapy is also generally more cost-effective than in-person therapy, especially for people who otherwise might have to take time off work, pay for transportation, or seek out childcare. There also may be other treatment options for those with ADHD, whether it is a different type of therapy or the utilization of support groups.
Takeaway
Medications for ADHD may cause side effects. However, understanding these effects can be a step toward informed usage. Doctors may monitor your progress with your medication and how it affects your health, especially if you have other medical conditions. Each medication may carry the potential risk of dependency, so speak to your doctor about concerns before taking a medication.
Research your medications and monitor your body to notice signs that the medication may or may not be working. If you keep an open conversation with your doctor, they can help you choose a medication with the lowest number of side effects having any influence over your everyday comfort in your life.
What are the negative side effects of ADHD medication?
There are many ADHD medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Even so, ADHD medication side effects can vary greatly depending on the prescription and the individual. Common side effects may include insomnia, decreased appetite, increased heart rate, and potential changes in mood. Less common but more severe side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood pressure, or liver issues. Discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage them effectively.
Does ADHD medication have long-term side effects for your health?
The long-term effects of ADHD medication are an area of ongoing research. While some studies suggest that stimulant medications may be safe for long-term use when appropriately prescribed and monitored, doctors often consider individual factors when looking at potential side effects. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can allow you and your doctor to assess the ongoing safety and effectiveness of ADHD medication.
Is blood pressure affected by ADHD medication?
Stimulants may lead to an increase in blood pressure. Individuals who experience this effect can speak with a doctor about alternative medications.
How does ADHD medication make you feel?
ADHD stimulant medications can have different effects on individuals. These medications may improve focus and impulse control in those with ADHD, but the specific side effects experienced can vary. Some individuals report a sense of being calmer and more in control, while others may not notice any significant changes. Discuss any effects or concerns with a healthcare provider. Some doctors may start patients on a low stimulant dose to test its effects.
If an individual experiences significant negative side effects from a stimulant medication, their healthcare professional may switch them to a different stimulant medication or to a non-stimulant alternative. Non-stimulant medications may have a more gradual impact on symptoms.
What are the most common effects of stimulants?
Common side effects of stimulants include insomnia, loss of appetite, increased heart rate, and potential changes in mood. Less common but more severe side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood pressure, or liver issues. Individuals can discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider to monitor and manage them effectively.
Is weight gain a side effect of ADHD meds?
Since stimulant medications can act as an appetite suppressant, they may be associated with weight loss. On the other hand, non-stimulant medications, like antipsychotics and antidepressants, may be more commonly associated with weight gain, although this differs between specific medications. Monitor weight fluctuations while under the care of a healthcare provider.
Do ADHD meds help with anxiety?
Anxiety disorders often coexist with ADHD, and while stimulant medications may exacerbate symptoms of anxiety disorders, studies have shown that some non-stimulant medications can improve symptoms related to both conditions simultaneously.
While selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are not primarily indicated for the treatment of anxiety, they may indirectly reduce anxiety symptoms in individuals with ADHD. Similarly, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine are not approved for the treatment of ADHD, although they may improve anxiety. In any case, specific treatment for anxiety and ADHD can be discussed with a healthcare provider.
What is the safest ADHD medication?
Determining the safest ADHD medicine depends on various factors, including individual factors, medical history, and specific symptoms. Both stimulant and non-stimulant medications are FDA-approved and considered safe when prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional. The safety of a particular medication is assessed based on the individual's unique profile and needs.
Is it OK to take ADHD medication every day?
Yes, it can be safe to take ADHD medication every day if they are prescribed for daily use. Daily use may be the best way to manage the condition consistently since symptoms may flare up as the medication wears off. Follow the prescribed dosage and schedule and communicate regularly with your healthcare provider regarding medication effectiveness and any side effects.
Can you treat ADHD without medication?
Perhaps the most effective way to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without medication is to work with a trained mental healthcare provider. In particular, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be a promising treatment method for ADHD. This method can be helpful for developing skills like organization, goal and routine-setting, and distraction management.
ADHD may cause deficiencies in two brain chemicals (neurotransmitters): dopamine and norepinephrine. Studies suggest that vigorous exercise, which boosts the activity of these neurotransmitters, may be an effective natural coping mechanism for attention disorders like ADHD.
Other natural methods, such as herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and EEG biofeedback (which measures a person’s brain waves), can be helpful for some people. However, additional research is needed before these approaches are considered proven remedies, and alternative approaches may not be effective compared to evidence-based practices. Consult a healthcare professional to tailor an adequate treatment plan.
Does ADHD get worse with age?
Since ADHD is a lifelong condition, the condition cannot be cured. However, one’s symptoms and functioning may change over time. Though the condition persists into adulthood, symptoms often become less prominent with age. Treating ADHD using proper methods may help individuals manage and adapt to these changes. Effective management through behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of interventions may help individuals with ADHD lead fulfilling lives.
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