Understanding Dementia: 10 Facts About Dementia
Dementia is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, and though it is not considered a part of normal aging, there are more than 55 million people living with dementia around the globe. Despite this, there are a lot of misconceptions about dementia. Here are things to note to help you better understand the people affected by this disorder.
1. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent form of dementia
Dementia is an umbrella term that describes multiple different diseases involving a progressive loss of memory and thinking ability. The most well-known of these diseases is Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's is also the most common form of dementia, accounting for over half of all dementia diagnoses.
2. Younger people can get dementia, too
It may be common knowledge that dementia is more common in older adults, but not everyone realizes a person can get dementia before age 65, though it is less common. Age is the strongest known risk factor, but it is not unheard of for someone in their 40s or younger to get it. For example, early-onset Alzheimer's is a form of dementia that usually impacts people in their 40s and 50s.
3. Exercise may help prevent developing dementia
Healthy habits, like not smoking and getting regular exercise, may reduce the chances of developing dementia. Exercise can help maintain heart health and a normal blood pressure, which is important as research shows that high blood pressure is a risk factor for developing dementia. Exercise can also help manage dementia symptoms if you already have them.
4. Dementia can lead to death
While you may not die from the disease itself, many of the complications can be fatal. For example, for Alzheimer's, as the disease progresses, the following risks apply:
- Alzheimer's disease increases difficulty swallowing, which can lead to choking. Caregivers should ensure that their loved one isn't choking on their food whenever they eat.
- Alzheimer's weakens the immune system, making patients more prone to infections.
- Pneumonia may result from choking or swallowing difficulties associated with Alzheimer’s and other dementias and can sometimes be fatal.
5. More women get Alzheimer's than men
Women are more likely to get Alzheimer's than men are, likely because women tend to live longer, and the risk increases with age. In the US, about two in three patients with Alzheimer's are women.
6. Dementia symptoms can vary
You might know that dementia can affect memory and sense of self. However, dementia can affect some people in other ways.
7. There is no cure
Some forms of dementia may be prevented, and disease progression may be slowed, but to date, there is no cure for them. With Alzheimer's, there is no cure and not always a clear way to slow down the disease. Sometimes, you can treat the symptoms through medication and therapy, but no cure has been developed as of now, though researchers are working on it.
8. Dementia research is underfunded
Dementia research is still underfunded compared to other diseases, despite its prevalence. While this is somewhat understandable, as diseases like cancer and heart disease are still the top killers, with the numbers rising, one would expect that the research dollars would catch up. If you are passionate about the search for a way to prevent or cure dementia, it's an excellent time to join the fight and advocate for increased funding of dementia research.
9. Scientists are unsure what causes Alzheimer's
The brain is more complex than many imagine, and figuring out the underlying causes of Alzheimer's is difficult. Researchers don’t yet fully understand what causes Alzheimer’s. It is speculated that genetics and lifestyle contribute to the chances of getting the disease, but nothing is concrete yet. Some forms of dementia have more of a definite cause, but for Alzheimer's, the evidence is still inconclusive.
10. Every minute, someone in the US develops Alzheimer's
There is a new Alzheimer's diagnosis made, on average, about every 66 seconds in the US.
Dementia and race
Alzheimer's affects people of different races at different rates. African Americans may have about twice the risk of dementia as white people; Hispanics are 1.5 times as likely to develop it.
Dementia worldwide
Some may believe dementia only affects people in Western societies, but this is not true. There have been many cases in the East, especially in China. Dementia is a worldwide phenomenon. About 60% of people with dementia live in low and middle-income countries,
According to the World Health Organization, the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia “aims to improve the lives of people with dementia, their carers, and families, while decreasing the impact of dementia on communities and countries.”
Caregivers of people with Alzheimer's
Although it is possible to live with dementia and be independent, at some point, a person with dementia may need a caregiver to help them with their daily life. About four out of five caregivers are unpaid, and they are usually friends or family members.
Caregivers are usually women; many are the daughters of people with Alzheimer's. Taking care of a person with Alzheimer's is stressful for the family, with many facing financial, emotional, or physical hardships. There are significant economic costs of dementia.
The costs of Alzheimer's
Annually, the cost of dementia care may be over a quarter trillion. By 2050, the cost may be over a trillion by the standards of the value of the dollar today. People with dementia require more health care and hospitalizations and account for many nursing home residents.
Diagnosing early
While there is no way to prevent many forms of dementia, diagnosing early can help. This allows the person diagnosed with dementia to plan how they want to spend the rest of their life while they still can. Also, early diagnosis can save money in the long run.
Counseling can be helpful for everyone involved with dementia
Dementia can be stressful to live with. If you have been diagnosed with dementia, you may need someone to take care of you as you experience difficulty with cognitive functions. This can lead to a loss of motivation and uncertainty about how to live the rest of your life.
Meanwhile, the caregivers of those with dementia often face significant stress. They might feel physically and mentally exhausted and worry about the future of their loved one, as well as their finances. Talking to someone who understands can help. Look for a support group either online or in your area, or consider connecting with a therapist.
Online therapy can help
While no solution fits every situation, one way to find help is through counseling. A good counselor might be able to give the patient with dementia motivation to carry on and help caregivers make time for themselves and take care of their mental health.
Online therapy has many benefits for a person living with dementia and their caregivers. You don’t have to worry about getting to and from appointments in an office or being put on a waiting list. With online therapy, you’re matched with an available counselor so you can start treatment right away.
Research shows that online therapy has positive long-term effects when it comes to treating a variety of conditions. One review showed that people who participated in online therapy saw a 50% reduction in symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and depression, as well as a decreased impact of chronic fatigue and stress. If you’re interested in beginning online therapy yourself, reach out to a BetterHelp therapist to get started.
Takeaway
Although there are multiple forms of dementia, a condition experienced by people worldwide, it is still misunderstood in many ways. If you have early signs of dementia or are caring for someone who does, online therapy can help you learn how to manage the tough times ahead.
Read more below for answers to questions commonly asked about dementia.
What are 5 facts about dementia?
Here are five key things to note about dementia:
First: Dementia is not a specific disease. Dementia is not a single disease but rather a syndrome or umbrella term that encompasses a range of cognitive disorders characterized by memory loss, impaired reasoning, and decline in cognitive abilities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but there are several other types, including vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
Second: Dementia is a global health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 55 million people were living with dementia, and this number is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Dementia has a profound impact on individuals, families, and communities, leading to caregiving challenges and significant healthcare costs.
Third: While age is a significant risk factor for dementia, it is not a normal part of aging. Other risk factors include genetics, family history, cardiovascular health, and lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and poor diet. Addressing modifiable risk factors may contribute to reducing the risk of developing dementia.
Fourth: Dementia is generally a progressive and irreversible condition. Symptoms tend to worsen over time, impacting cognitive function, memory, and the ability to perform everyday activities. However, treatment may help to manage symptoms.
Fifth: Diagnosing dementia can be challenging, and a comprehensive assessment is often required. Healthcare professionals use a combination of medical history, cognitive assessments, imaging studies, and laboratory tests to determine the type and cause of dementia. Early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and support.
What are the 7 stages of dementia?
Dementia is often categorized into stages to describe the progression of cognitive decline and functional impairment. Different staging systems may be used, and it's important to note that the experience of dementia can vary widely among individuals. One commonly referenced staging system is the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) or the Reisberg Scale, which describes seven stages:
Stage 1: No Cognitive Decline (Normal Functioning):
In this stage, there are no signs of cognitive decline, and the individual functions normally. Memory and cognitive abilities are intact, and the person does not show any symptoms of dementia.
Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline (Age-Associated Memory Impairment):
This stage may involve slight memory lapses that are commonly associated with aging. These lapses may include forgetting names or where familiar objects are placed, but they are often not noticeable to the individual or others.
Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline (Early-Stage Dementia):
At this stage, mild cognitive impairment becomes more noticeable. Individuals may experience difficulty with concentration, memory, and recall of recent events. Everyday activities may be affected, and others may start to notice changes in cognitive function.
Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive Decline (Mild Dementia):
Moderate cognitive decline involves a noticeable decrease in cognitive abilities. Memory gaps become more pronounced, and individuals may struggle with tasks such as managing finances, organizing daily activities, and remembering recent events. Personality changes may also become more apparent.
Stage 5: Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline (Moderate Dementia):
In this stage, individuals may require assistance with daily activities. Memory deficits worsen, and there may be confusion about time, place, and personal history. Individuals may have difficulty dressing appropriately, and significant cognitive impairment is evident.
Stage 6: Severe Cognitive Decline (Moderately Severe Dementia):
At this stage, individuals may require substantial assistance with daily activities. Memory loss is significant, and there may be a loss of awareness of recent experiences and surroundings. Behavioral and personality changes, including agitation and aggression, can occur.
Stage 7: Very Severe Cognitive Decline (Severe Dementia):
This final stage may involve a profound loss of cognitive and physical abilities. Individuals are typically unable to communicate coherently and may lose the ability to walk or sit up. Assistance with all activities of daily living is required, and individuals in this stage are often in the later phases of Alzheimer's disease.
How long can a 93-year-old live with dementia?
There is no fixed time that a person with dementia will live. The life expectancy of a person with dementia, including a 93-year-old individual, can vary based on several factors, including the type of dementia, overall health, and the presence of other medical conditions. Dementia is a progressive condition, and the rate of decline can differ among individuals.
What is the life expectancy of a person with dementia?
The life expectancy of a person with dementia can vary widely and depends on various factors, including the type of dementia, overall health, age at diagnosis, and the presence of other medical conditions. Dementia is a progressive condition, and life expectancy is influenced by the specific characteristics of the individual and their overall health status.
In general, people diagnosed with dementia tend to have a shorter life expectancy than those without dementia. However, the course of the disease can be quite variable, and some individuals may live for many years after the onset of symptoms.
What are 11 facts about getting dementia?
Each person's experience with dementia is unique, and the impact on individuals and their families can be profound. Education, support, and advocacy are essential components in addressing the challenges posed by dementia. Here are 11 things to note about getting dementia:
- Dementia is not a normal part of aging: While age is a significant risk factor for dementia, it is not an inevitable part of the aging process. Not everyone will develop dementia as they get older.
- Various types of dementia exist: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, but there are several other types, including vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, each with distinct characteristics.
- Symptoms extend beyond memory loss: While memory loss is a common symptom, dementia affects multiple cognitive functions. Individuals may experience problems with reasoning, communication, and daily activities.
- Early diagnosis is crucial: Early detection of dementia allows for timely interventions, including medical treatments, support services, and lifestyle adjustments that may help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
- Dementia is a global health challenge: Millions of people worldwide are affected by dementia, making it a significant global health concern. The number of people with dementia is expected to rise as populations age.
- Genetics and environment play roles: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of developing dementia. Family history and certain genetic factors may increase susceptibility, but lifestyle choices also play a role.
- Dementia affects more than memory: Behavioral and psychological symptoms, such as mood changes, agitation, and hallucinations, are common in dementia. These symptoms can be challenging for individuals and their caregivers.
- Caregivers play a crucial role: Families and caregivers provide essential support for individuals with dementia. Caregiving can be demanding, and caregivers may benefit from education, respite care, and support services.
- Risk reduction strategies exist: Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and cognitive stimulation may help reduce the risk of developing dementia.
- No cure, but treatments are available: Currently, there is no cure for most forms of dementia. However, medications and non-pharmacological interventions can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with dementia.
- Research and awareness are advancing: Ongoing research is dedicated to understanding the causes of dementia and developing new treatments. Raising awareness about dementia helps reduce stigma and promotes understanding in communities.
What does Stage 7 dementia look like?
Stage 7 of dementia, also known as the "Very Severe Cognitive Decline" stage, represents the final and most advanced stage on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) or the Reisberg Scale. At this stage, individuals experience significant cognitive and physical decline, requiring extensive assistance with daily activities. It may be important to note that the progression and manifestations can vary among individuals.
Here are some general characteristics of Stage 7 dementia:
- Profound Cognitive Impairment
- Limited or No Verbal Communication
- Loss of Motor Skills
- Incontinence
- Dependence on Caregivers
- Impaired Swallowing
- Limited Recognition of Surroundings
- Limited Emotional Responsiveness
- Vulnerability to Infections
What causes dementia to get worse?
Dementia is a progressive condition, and its progression can be influenced by various factors. While the underlying neurodegenerative processes are primary drivers of the worsening of dementia, certain factors can exacerbate symptoms and contribute to a faster decline. Here are some potential triggers that can impact the progression of dementia:
- Infections: Infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory infections, can lead to a temporary worsening of cognitive symptoms in individuals with dementia.
- Medication Side Effects: Some medications may have side effects that impact cognitive function or exacerbate symptoms of dementia. Changes in medication, dosage, or the introduction of new medications should be closely monitored and discussed with healthcare professionals.
- Other Health Conditions: The presence of other health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or respiratory issues, can affect overall health and contribute to the progression of dementia. Managing coexisting health conditions is important for optimizing well-being.
- Lack of Mental Stimulation: Engaging in mentally stimulating activities can help maintain cognitive function to some extent. A lack of mental stimulation and social interaction may contribute to a faster decline in cognitive abilities.
- Lack of Physical Activity: Regular physical activity has been associated with cognitive benefits. A sedentary lifestyle may contribute to a decline in physical and cognitive function.
- Stress and Emotional Upheaval: Emotional stress and major life changes, such as moving to a new residence or the loss of a loved one, can impact individuals with dementia. Emotional well-being is an important aspect of overall health.
- Environmental Changes: Sudden changes in the environment, such as relocation to a new living space, can be disorienting and distressing for individuals with dementia. Familiar and supportive environments are generally beneficial.
How to avoid dementia?
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent dementia, certain lifestyle choices and habits may help reduce the risk of developing cognitive decline. Here are some strategies that are commonly recommended for promoting brain health and potentially lowering the risk of dementia:
- Stay Physically Active
- Maintain a Healthy Diet
- Manage Cardiovascular Health
- Engage in Cognitive Stimulation
- Stay Socially Engaged
- Get Quality Sleep
- Manage Stress
- Limit Alcohol Consumption
- Quit Smoking
What are signs that a person with dementia may be close to death?
The end-of-life stage for a person with dementia is often challenging for both the individual and their loved ones. There are no default signs as a person nears death, and the progression of dementia can vary widely among individuals. However, there are some common signs that may indicate that a person with dementia is approaching the end of life. It may be important to note that not everyone will experience all of these signs, and the timeline can vary. Here are some general indicators:
- Significant Decline in Cognitive Function: There may be a noticeable and rapid decline in cognitive function. The person may become increasingly unresponsive, withdrawn, and less aware of their surroundings.
- Changes in Physical Function: Loss of mobility and muscle weakness may occur. The person may have difficulty moving independently and may spend much of the time in bed.
- Difficulty Swallowing: Swallowing difficulties may arise, leading to an increased risk of aspiration or choking. This can impact the person's ability to eat and drink.
- Weight Loss: As a result of decreased appetite, difficulty swallowing, or changes in metabolism, individuals in the end stages of dementia may experience significant weight loss.
- Inability to Speak: Communication may become extremely limited, and the person may be unable to speak or may speak only in a whisper.
- Changes in Breathing: Breathing patterns may change, becoming irregular or labored. There may be long pauses between breaths.
- Increased Sleepiness: The person may spend much of the day sleeping and may be difficult to wake. Changes in the sleep-wake cycle are common.
- Changes in Skin Color and Temperature: The skin may become cool to the touch, and there may be changes in color, such as a bluish tint, particularly in the extremities.
- Incontinence: Loss of control over bladder and bowel function is common in the late stages of dementia. The person may require assistance with toileting and personal hygiene.
It can be important to approach this stage with compassion and provide comfort and support. Palliative care principles, including pain management and addressing symptoms, may become crucial. Family and caregivers should work closely with local healthcare professionals to create an environment that ensures that the person's comfort and dignity are prioritized.
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