What Is A Thought Process Disorder? Diagnosis And Treatment

Medically reviewed by Dr. April Brewer, DBH, LPC
Updated March 3, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Disorganized and confusing thoughts can be challenging to cope with. For example, racing thoughts can be difficult to understand because they contain multiple themes and ideas. In this case, speaking or communicating can be more challenging. It might feel overwhelming, frustrating, and terrifying when you can't communicate your thoughts and needs.

In some cases, these symptoms may be a sign of a "thought disorder." Although there are no "thought disorder" diagnoses in the DSM-5, a few disorders and symptoms are associated with challenging thoughts, including delusional disorder, which can affect your thought process. Delusional disorder and similar psychotic and mood disorders can significantly impact one's social and personal functioning. 

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Having difficulty processing thoughts or communicating clearly?

What is a thought disorder? 

A thought disorder is not a diagnosis but a term to describe any mental illness or neuropsychological condition that interrupts your thought process, causing disorganized speech, delusion, or difficulty forming thoughts. Someone with a thought process disorder may experience racing thoughts, stutter, repeat themselves, or stop speaking mid-sentence. In some cases, their speech may not make sense to others. A few mental illnesses and symptoms that may cause a thought-processing challenge include the following:
  • Schizophrenia
  • Bipolar disorder I (specifically during mania) 
  • Psychosis
  • Delusional disorder
  • Brief psychotic disorder 
  • Dementia 

A thought disorder may be diagnosed after careful observation of one's speech, which often offers professionals an indication of how the person is thinking. It may be common for someone with a thought process challenge to think more illogically than others because they may not understand the content of their thoughts. In addition, their thoughts may be moving so fast that it's difficult for them to communicate. When this happens, they may become confused, frustrated, or angry. 

However, if you are living with these symptoms, know they are often manageable or treatable with professional support. Many people with a thought disorder find ways to be productive and successful by managing their symptoms. 

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What are the symptoms of a thought disorder?

Individuals diagnosed with a mental illness that can cause challenges with thoughts may have altered beliefs and perceptions. Because their thoughts are often illogical, they may experience paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions. They may become confused and struggle to decipher the meaning behind words. Below are a few other symptoms of these conditions.

Interruptions in thought  

A person living with thought challenges might experience racing thoughts and struggle to finish one sentence before moving on to the next. They may or may not realize they're skipping over thoughts and might speak quickly without stopping. 

Rapid discussion of unrelated topics

People with thought challenges may rapidly discuss unrelated topics or form long-winded sentences that don't make sense. For example, they might talk about the moon being full the night before and talk about their favorite yogurt in the same breath. 

Illogical or incoherent speech 

A person may say words that do not make sense or make sounds that don't sound like words. Their thought process may not be processed or transmitted, so it could sound jumbled when they attempt to express their thoughts. They might string together many unrelated words or concepts that don't form an idea or story. This symptom can be common in those experiencing severe mania from bipolar disorder I.

A belief that someone or something has stolen thoughts

A person with a thought disorder may believe that the radio, television, or government has stolen their thoughts or is causing them to speak differently. This thought pattern is an example of paranoia and delusional thinking. 

False beliefs and delusions

A person may believe that the government is out to get them or have other conspiracy theories that lead to their thoughts or speech. They may fear that others are "in on it" or make up other theories to compensate for the jumbled thoughts they're experiencing. 

Difficulty following a story 

A person with a thought disorder may struggle to tell a story. They may find it difficult to form a timeframe or organize their sentences. 

Do I have a thought disorder?

You may be living with thought challenges if you meet the symptoms for one of the above conditions that might be associated with thought challenges. If you're unsure whether you have a condition, reaching out to a mental health professional for diagnosis may be beneficial. Treatments may vary based on the symptoms and severity of the disorder. Psychotherapy can help some people organize their thought processes and acknowledge when maladaptive thoughts arise. Working with a professional, a person can retrain their thought processes to make them more transparent. Below are a couple of treatment options. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 

One way to work through maladaptive thoughts is through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). In this type of therapy, the therapist can guide clients in restructuring their thoughts, challenging how they think, and changing their feelings and behaviors. This approach may be practical for those with maladaptive thoughts. However, if you're living with schizophrenia, psychosis, or a severe mental illness, talk to a psychiatrist, therapist, and doctor to determine which treatment approach is best for you. 

Medication 

Doctors may sometimes recommend medication if a client is experiencing psychosis. This type of medication can help clients think more clearly. With clearer and slower thoughts, clients may express themselves and communicate with others more effectively. Consult your doctor or primary care physician before considering starting, changing, or stopping any medication.

A combination approach 

Some professionals suggest a combination of medication and therapy, as medication may clarify thoughts to a point where clients can communicate their needs enough for the therapist to understand and support them. However, each person is different and may respond differently to different levels of treatment. 

Medical testing 

As part of your diagnosis and treatment, your doctor may recommend medical tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a computed tomography scan (CAT scan) to see brain activity and rule out a physical component of your symptoms. Bloodwork may also be completed to ensure that a hormonal or chemical imbalance is not a contributing factor.

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Having difficulty processing thoughts or communicating clearly?

How to proceed after diagnosis 

If you are living with a mental illness impacting your thoughts, support is available, and you're not alone. These symptoms are not your fault. You can work with an in-person or online therapist in addition to your treatment team to provide you with the best possible care and support. If you dedicate yourself to treatment, you're bound to be successful.

Online therapy through platforms like BetterHelp has been proven as advantageous, if not more, than face-to-face therapy. A literature review of 17 studies on the effectiveness of online CBT contrasted with traditional therapy found that eCBT was more effective for depression. It was also noted that eCBT could be less expensive than face-to-face therapy. Online therapy for CBT can also be used for other mental health conditions. People with PTSD and anxiety have found relief through this type of treatment.

If you think you might have a thought disorder but don't have time to see a therapist or are embarrassed someone you know might see you at a therapist's office, you can use online therapy. Online platforms have thousands of licensed therapists to help you determine the next steps. You can meet with your online therapist anywhere, as long as there is a safe internet connection. 

Takeaway

If you have been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder or mood disorder that impacts your thoughts, you're not alone. Work with your treatment team to manage your symptoms, as it can be challenging to cope with this condition alone if you're unaware of how it's presenting. You can reach out to a therapist anytime for further guidance and support.
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