What to expect when you have withdrawal symptoms
Substance addiction may feel challenging for everyone involved, especially when dealing with withdrawal. Individuals experiencing substance use disorders might face vital decisions on the journey toward recovery, and the withdrawal process can feel like a worrying part of that journey.
The idea of withdrawal can hold unknowns or potential for discomfort. However, there are ways to learn more about the commonalities of substance withdrawal and how to manage them.
Professional help for substance use disorders and withdrawal
If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction and wants to quit, contact a medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation and detoxing. It’s important to know that individuals who experience severe withdrawal symptoms or have other medical co-morbidities are at risk for serious health complications that can be fatal.A professional will be able to deal with any complications and can prescribe medication or advise treatment methods. You may increase your chances of a healthy, successful withdrawal by reaching out for support.
If you are currently using a substance or struggling with addiction and need immediate support, call the SAMHSA National Helpline at (800) 662-4357 for support, or visit their website.
What is withdrawal?
Withdrawal is a chemical, mental, and physical reaction when an individual experiencing addiction stops consuming substances like drugs or alcohol. When a person experiences physical dependency on specific substances, their body may require that substance to feel well. This is different from discontinuation syndrome which is a physical reaction to stopping an antidepressant medication abruptly.
Without the substance, the body might experience withdrawals. The withdrawal process allows the body to detox and restructures to function healthily without a substance. The experience of withdrawal can be highly variable. However, some symptoms are commonly reported.
Factors that affect withdrawal
The withdrawal process can be different for everybody. While some people have severe withdrawals, others may not experience noticeable withdrawal symptoms at all.
If a person has been regularly using a substance for any period, they may experience symptoms. The severity of withdrawal can vary depending on the following:
How long the substance use occurred
How much of the substance was consumed on each dose
The type of substance that a person used
How often the individual used the substance per day
Common symptoms of withdrawal
When you or a loved one stops using a substance, there are some common symptoms to expect from withdrawal and detox.
Everyone's experience can be different, and the following are commonly reported symptoms. Other symptoms may also be present depending on the factors listed above. If you are experiencing any adverse effects after stopping a substance, reach out to your primary care physician.
If you are experiencing a life-threatening emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
Depression/anxiety/mood swings
Many individuals use substances to manage their emotional state. Often, drugs and alcohol may work to alter the emotional centers of the brain in such a way that new emotional states are achieved upon their consumption. Thus, when an individual experiences withdrawal, they may also experience mood swings or negative feelings.
Many substances have the effect of making a person feel more relaxed or more energized and focused. Colloquially, these are known as "downers" and "uppers," and they affect serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and other hormone uptake receptors in the brain, which may cause a "high" or feeling of extreme happiness, joy, desire, or relaxation. A substance may also cause numbness, depression, or other negative emotions and sensations.
When a person has used addictive substances, their neuro-receptors can be affected negatively. Their brain may stop producing emotion-controlling hormones to fill the receptors because it has learned that it's no longer necessary.
When that same person experiences withdrawal, they might experience depression, anxiety, and other types of mood-related symptoms as their body goes about rebalancing itself emotionally.
Irritability
Irritability can be a typical withdrawal symptom. The withdrawal and detox process can feel uncomfortable, so irritability may be a response.
The individual experiencing withdrawal may undergo the process of restructuring their lifestyle and working through the symptoms involved with physical detox. There may be a lot to process, so those living with withdrawal symptoms may experience mild to severe irritability.
Cravings
Cravings are often a symptom of drug and alcohol withdrawal. An individual who has used substances frequently for a period of time may crave the substance physically or emotionally.
This symptom may be handled carefully to help the person in withdrawal avoid relapse. Consult a professional for advice on how to help yourself or a loved one manage cravings during this time.
Headaches
In withdrawal, your body may go through a lot of work to detox and restructure. Headaches could be caused by various factors, including stress or as a side effect of the substances you no longer use.
The headache may feel mild, moderate, or severe and could become a migraine in some situations. Care for your headaches healthily and safely during withdrawals. You may avoid other substances or visit a professional to get support for pain relief.
Restlessness and insomnia
Restlessness and insomnia are potential withdrawal symptoms regardless of whether the substance used was a stimulant. However, some individuals might not experience this symptom depending on the substance they were taking.
These symptoms can feel uncomfortable for the individual who is experiencing them. Although mild restlessness and insomnia may be treated naturally, severe cases may require medical assistance to ensure that the person in withdrawal gets enough rest and sleep to heal and recover.
Fever/chills
In the early stages of withdrawal, you may experience fever and chills. It is a part of the detox process as the body works to recenter and rebalance itself without the presence of an addictive substance.
A withdrawal fever (with or without chills) can feel extremely uncomfortable and may be observed carefully. This symptom is a primary reason why experts recommend that drug and alcohol withdrawal is begun under the close supervision of an experienced professional who can monitor and oversee the process.
A knowledgeable rehab professional may help individuals experiencing withdrawal-related fever and chills feel comfortable. They may also be able to prescribe medication or offer other therapies to assist in a speedier, safer detox.
Shakiness
Shakiness may be accompanied by fever and chills during withdrawal.
Shakiness can be a severe symptom, so getting medical support from a professional can be essential. Shakiness may be caused by various factors and is often reported in opioid withdrawal. However, it may also be experienced when a person withdraws from alcohol.
Seizures
Some individuals who are experiencing severe withdrawal may experience seizures or convulsions in some cases. The risk of seizure is often correlated with withdrawal from alcohol or benzodiazepines. In some cases, seizure activity during withdrawal can be fatal. Individuals withdrawing from these substances should do so under the advisement of a medical professional who can provide treatment and monitoring for this symptom.
Other symptoms of withdrawal
Over the long term, there may be other psychological effects of withdrawal that emerge as well. However, these effects could vary more dramatically depending on the type of substance used and the frequency of use.
How to treat withdrawal and detox safely
If you or someone you love is trying to quit using a substance, withdrawal is often an inevitable part of the process. To detox safely, stay in contact with a licensed professional who understands substance use.
Withdrawal can become an emergency, especially in the beginning. For this reason, it can be essential to have support from a medical doctor and support system, such as family or friends, that can check in on you when you're alone.
If possible for you, going through the initial stages of withdrawal at a detox or rehabilitation may be an intelligent move toward success and safety.
Can psychotherapy help withdrawal?
Those with substance use disorders or withdrawal symptoms may experience mental health symptoms or conditions. They may want to reach out for support from a therapist. In some cases, someone experiencing withdrawal or concerns related to substance use may not want to leave home due to physical or emotional symptoms.
In this case, an online therapy option may be beneficial. Some research suggests online substance use treatment could benefit individuals unable to get support with their substance use disorder in person.
Online therapy for substance use can also be more convenient and less stressful than leaving the house to get care. If you want emotional support from a counselor, consider signing up for a platform such as BetterHelp, which offers a growing database of professionals, including those specializing in addiction.
Takeaway
The road toward recovery from substance use can feel long and fraught with trials and tribulations. However, the rewards at the journey's end may feel well worth it. Being able to manage your emotions and physical health without substance use successfully may be rewarding and could open a possibility for positive future relationships and opportunities.
If you're going through withdrawal and need someone to talk to, consider reaching out to a counselor to get started.
What are the symptoms of withdrawal behavior?
Withdrawal behavior can present a variety of symptoms known as withdrawal syndrome. The specific nature and severity of these unpleasant withdrawal symptoms can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the quantity, frequency, duration, and type of substance used. Drug withdrawal syndromes may differ from severe alcohol withdrawal, and the symptoms themselves may encompass a range of mental, physical, and emotional concerns.
The body instinctively strives to maintain a state of balance, known as homeostasis. When a person regularly uses certain chemicals or substances, the body adjusts its internal environment to accommodate this presence. If the substance is suddenly removed or significantly reduced — as in the case of stopping or cutting back on substance use — the body's counter-regulatory mechanisms can become unopposed. This imbalance leads to a range of physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms.
Physical symptoms of withdrawal can include nausea, sweating, tremors, fatigue, and, in severe cases, seizures or other life-threatening conditions. Psychologically, individuals may experience anxiety, irritability, mood swings, depression, and cravings for the substance. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or excessive sleepiness, are also common.
The intensity of these withdrawal symptoms is influenced by the type of substance used and the individual's unique physiology and history with the substance. Some substances may lead to more severe withdrawal symptoms than others. In many cases, the withdrawal process can be uncomfortable and challenging, necessitating medical supervision and support.
Understanding the nature of withdrawal symptoms is essential for anyone considering reducing or ceasing substance use, as it emphasizes the necessity of seeking professional guidance and support during this process. A medical professional can often ensure a safer and more manageable experience during the withdrawal phase.
What are the two types of withdrawal behavior?
Withdrawal behavior, which occurs when a person stops or reduces the use of a substance they are dependent on, can be broadly categorized into two types: physical withdrawal and psychological withdrawal.
Physical withdrawal refers to the body's response to the absence of the substance. This can include a range of symptoms depending on the substance in question. Common physical withdrawal symptoms might include shaking, sweating, nausea, headaches, and more severe reactions like seizures in extreme cases. These symptoms result from the body trying to readjust to functioning without the substance it has become accustomed to.
Psychological withdrawal, on the other hand, deals with the mental and emotional aspects of withdrawal. These symptoms are less visible but can be just as challenging to manage. Psychological withdrawal symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, mood swings, depression, and intense cravings for the substance. These mental and emotional symptoms reflect the psychological dependence that has developed and the challenges the brain faces in readjusting to the absence of the substance.
Both types of withdrawal can be intense and, in some cases, dangerous. Supervised detoxification and treatment programs can provide the necessary support to manage both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms safely, ensuring a safer and more effective path to recovery.
What causes a person to withdraw?
Various factors can lead a person to withdraw, particularly in the context of drug addiction. Withdrawal is a complex process that is often influenced by the physical and psychological dependence that develops with prolonged substance use.
When a person engages in regular substance abuse, their body becomes accustomed to the presence of the drug. This habitual use alters the body's chemistry and functioning, leading to physical dependence. When the substance is suddenly reduced or stopped, the body struggles to adapt to its absence, resulting in physical withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort, like headaches and nausea, to more severe reactions, such as seizures or intense pain.
Psychological dependence plays a significant role in withdrawal as well. Drug addiction often affects the brain's reward system, leading to changes in mood, behavior, and cravings. When an individual stops using the substance, they may experience psychological withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, depression, irritability, and intense cravings for the drug. These symptoms are the brain's response to the lack of the substance it has become dependent on for producing feelings of pleasure or relief.
Both the physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal can be challenging and, in some cases, dangerous. This process underscores the importance of professional support and medical supervision during withdrawal. Such support can help individuals manage the symptoms effectively, provide necessary care, and guide them toward a safer and more sustainable path to recovery.
How do you prevent withdrawal symptoms?
Preventing withdrawal symptoms during addiction treatment and drug detox typically involves a well-structured and careful intervention process. The Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) provides valuable information, highlighting five levels of withdrawal management for adults. These levels offer a structured approach to ensure safe and effective withdrawal treatment.
Proper withdrawal management is crucial and includes both medical and psychological care. This comprehensive approach is essential for improving recovery outcomes and minimizing the risk of severe withdrawal symptoms. Medical care often involves the use of medications to ease withdrawal symptoms, manage potential complications, and address any co-occurring medical conditions. Medical care is particularly important for substances that can cause dangerous withdrawal symptoms, like alcohol or benzodiazepines.
Psychological care is equally important. It addresses the emotional and mental health aspects of withdrawal and recovery. This care might include counseling, therapy, and support groups, which help individuals manage the psychological challenges associated with withdrawal, such as anxiety, depression, and cravings.
Withdrawal treatment should ideally be personalized, taking into account the individual's specific substance use history, physical health, and any co-occurring mental health concerns. A tailored treatment plan increases the likelihood of a successful detox and long-term recovery.
What is the most severe form of withdrawal?
The most serious forms of withdrawal are often associated with drug abuse. According to the World Health Organization and other medical authorities, withdrawal from these substances can present severe symptoms that require careful medical attention.
Opioid withdrawal, while typically not life-threatening, can be extremely uncomfortable and challenging. Symptoms can include severe muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes, and uncontrollable leg movements. These symptoms can be so intense that they significantly increase the risk of relapse in individuals attempting to quit opioid use. The severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms is often a reflection of the level of opioid dependence and the duration of use.
Benzodiazepine withdrawal, on the other hand, can be potentially life-threatening, especially if the drug is stopped abruptly after prolonged use. Withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines can include severe anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and even psychotic reactions. Due to these risks, benzodiazepine withdrawal typically requires a gradual tapering process under medical supervision to safely manage and mitigate withdrawal symptoms.
Both types of withdrawal demonstrate the importance of medically supervised detoxification, especially in cases of long-term or high-dose use. Medical supervision ensures that withdrawal symptoms are managed safely and effectively, reducing the risk of complications and supporting the individual's journey toward recovery.
The seriousness of withdrawal from opioids and benzodiazepines highlights the need for comprehensive treatment strategies, including medical and psychological support, to address the complexities of substance dependence and withdrawal. Seeking professional help and support is crucial for minimizing the risks associated with withdrawal and achieving long-term recovery.
What is one of the first signs of withdrawal?
The first signs of withdrawal can vary depending on the substance and individual, but some common early symptoms include anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. These symptoms may begin to appear within a few hours after reducing or stopping the use of the substance.
For opioid withdrawal specifically, one of the earliest signs is often muscle and bone pain. These symptoms can be followed by other physical symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. For benzodiazepine withdrawal, early signs can include agitation, tremors, and sweating.
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can also present early on, including irritability and restlessness, along with physical symptoms like tremors, nausea, and sweating. These symptoms typically occur within 6-12 hours after the last drink and can progress to more severe issues such as hallucinations or seizures.
Whatever the substance, it is important to seek professional help if you experience any early signs of withdrawal. Early treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent potential complications that may arise. Additionally, seeking support from loved ones or joining a support group can provide much-needed care and encouragement during the withdrawal process. Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, and there is no shame in reaching out for support during this challenging time.
Can anxiety cause withdrawal symptoms?
The symptoms of anxiety may be similar to those experienced during withdrawal, such as restlessness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. This can lead to confusion or uncertainty about whether these symptoms are due to anxiety or withdrawal.
While anxiety itself may not cause physical withdrawal symptoms, it can exacerbate them and make the overall experience more challenging. Anxiety can also contribute to cravings for substances that may have been used to cope with anxiety in the past. Therefore, addressing and managing anxiety during withdrawal is crucial for successful recovery.
If you're experiencing withdrawal symptoms and anxiety, it's important to seek professional help to assess and address both conditions properly. A comprehensive treatment plan that includes therapy and support groups can provide valuable tools for managing anxiety during the withdrawal process.
What is withdrawal in mental health?
In terms of mental health and substance use disorders, withdrawal typically refers to the physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a particular substance. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe and potentially life-threatening complications in some cases.
Withdrawal is a common occurrence in individuals experiencing substance use disorders, as their bodies have become dependent on the substance for functioning. When the drug is no longer present, the body must adjust to its absence, leading to withdrawal symptoms.
In addition to physical symptoms, some individuals may also experience psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or mood swings during withdrawal. These symptoms can be challenging to manage and may require professional support to address effectively.
It is important to note that not all individuals who live with mental health conditions will experience withdrawal symptoms. However, it is a common occurrence in those with substance use disorders and should be addressed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Only a trained professional can diagnose and properly treat withdrawal symptoms in individuals with mental health conditions. Seeking help from a licensed therapist or treatment center is crucial for managing both the physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal in mental health.
What is excessive withdrawal?
Excessive withdrawal refers to a prolonged and potentially severe experience of withdrawal symptoms that can occur in individuals with substance use disorders. This term is often used to describe individuals who have been using substances for an extended period or at high doses, leading to a more intense and longer-lasting withdrawal process.
Excessive withdrawal can be dangerous, as it may lead to complications such as seizures or delirium tremens (DTs) in alcohol withdrawal or respiratory failure in opioid withdrawal. As a result, individuals experiencing excessive withdrawal should seek professional help immediately to ensure their safety and minimize potential risks.
In addition, excessive withdrawal can also contribute to psychological symptoms such as intense cravings, depression, or anxiety. Seeking support from loved ones, joining a support group, or participating in therapy can provide valuable tools for managing these symptoms and promoting long-term recovery.
How do you manage a partner who is experiencing withdrawal?
Withdrawal can be a challenging and overwhelming experience for both the individual experiencing it and their loved ones. If your partner is going through withdrawal, here are some ways you can provide support:
- Educating yourself: Learning about the substance your partner is withdrawing from and the symptoms they may experience can help you understand what they're going through and how you can support them.
- Being empathetic: Withdrawal can be a physically and emotionally taxing process for your partner. Patience, understanding, and compassion can go a long way in helping them feel supported and cared for.
- Encouraging professional help: If your partner is experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical attention. Encouraging them to speak to a doctor or therapist can provide them with the necessary support and resources to manage their symptoms safely.
- Providing a supportive environment: Creating a safe and comfortable space for your partner can help them feel more at ease during withdrawal. This can include making sure they have nutritious food, hydration, and restful sleep.
Remember, managing withdrawal is not an easy process, but with proper support and care, your partner can successfully navigate the recovery journey. Managing your own boundaries and expectations is also essential during this time. Don't hesitate to seek out support for your own well-being as well.
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