What Is Stress Inoculation Training And What Does It Help Treat?

Medically reviewed by Melissa Guarnaccia, LCSW
Updated April 16, 2024by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Stress inoculation training can be viewed as a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that was designed specifically to teach those with PTSD effective coping skills to manage their symptoms. It often involves strategies like diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and role-playing. While it may not be the best treatment option for all people with PTSD, it can be helpful for many. You can speak to a therapist in person or online to determine whether stress inoculation training may be beneficial for you.

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Overcome PTSD symptoms with stress inoculation training

What is stress inoculation training?

Stress inoculation training is generally viewed as a type of cognitive behavioral therapy, which can be one of the most common methods of treating PTSD. 

In general cognitive behavioral therapy, you may discuss negative thoughts patterns that influence your behavior. From there, you may transition these negative thoughts into more positive, healthy ones. 

When it comes to stress inoculation training, you may learn how to defend yourself against the symptoms of PTSD using a variety of coping skills.

Common skills and strategies in stress inoculation training

During your training sessions, you’ll generally work with a therapist or other mental health professional. You'll likely work on things like learning to recognize stress-inducing experiences and coping skills that can help you when you encounter triggers in the future. 

During the session, the first thing you may need to do is identify your triggers and how you respond to them. Understanding how these triggers work can be the first step in preparing to cope with them. From there, you'll usually learn various coping strategies.

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Deep breathing

Deep breathing may be the first strategy that you'll learn, particularly breathing from your diaphragm. The key is usually to fill and empty your lungs fully so that you can center yourself and focus on the current moment.

Progressive muscle relaxation

Progressive muscle relaxation typically enables you to relax your muscles so that you can relax overall. You may focus on tensing and releasing each muscle group in your body one at a time. When you're done, you'll likely feel more relaxed than before. This may be something you can do on your own at any time. It can be helpful to practice progressive muscle relaxation regularly so that you can easily do it when you encounter a trigger.

Role-playing

Thinking about the behavior that you would normally engage in can be important, so you may also focus on identifying triggers in a simulated situation. You might focus on understanding what your normal reaction would be and then what it ideally should be. This can enable you to work through the problems you may face quickly and easily, without having to worry about actually being in the situation when you're still learning what to do. 

When it comes to working through triggering situations, your therapist may guide you to role-play. You may pretend that you are in a stressful situation and use various coping techniques to remain calm. Because you’ll generally be in a safe space, it can be easier to know what you should do and to practice those techniques. When you are in a situation that triggers intense feelings and emotions, you may then know what to do, and the skills may be more automatic.

Thought-stopping and thought replacement

You may also learn to talk to yourself about what you're experiencing and what you're going to do about it. This may allow you to identify the negative thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that you're experiencing and transition them into something more positive. Being able to identify negative thought patterns and stop them in their tracks can be crucial to overcoming PTSD symptoms.

When to use stress inoculation training

If PTSD symptoms interfere with your daily life, stress inoculation training can be helpful. It can be important to note that this type of therapy may not always be easy, as it will often be necessary to work with your triggers and identify negative thought patterns and emotions. However, you will generally not encounter your triggers directly, and you may not need to discuss any traumatic experiences in detail. Instead, you’ll generally confront your triggers in a role-playing situation while you are in a safe space. This can empower you to take control of your mind and your PTSD symptoms.

If you are experiencing trauma, support is available. Please see our Get Help Now page for more resources.

Getting professional help

There can be multiple ways to treat PTSD, and stress inoculation training may be just one of them. Connecting with a licensed mental health professional can help you determine your individual treatment plan based on your experiences, symptoms, and preferences.

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Overcome PTSD symptoms with stress inoculation training

Sometimes, PTSD symptoms can make it challenging to leave the house. When you fear coming into contact with a trigger anytime you’re in public, it can be hard to complete activities like grocery shopping and visiting with friends and family. Online therapy can empower you to get the professional help you deserve from the comfort and convenience of your home. You can begin to develop coping strategies without having to leave the house.

Although there currently isn’t much research specifically focused on the efficacy of online stress inoculation training, studies investigating the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive therapy for PTSD generally showed excellent results. According to a 2016 study, online cognitive therapy resulted in “very large improvements on all outcome and process measures, with 80% of patients achieving clinically significant change and remission from PTSD.”

Takeaway

Stress inoculation training generally trains people with PTSD to use various coping strategies when they encounter triggers that lead to unwanted symptoms. Deep breathing, thought-stopping, role-playing, and progressive muscle relaxation may be used. You can seek out a therapist experienced in stress inoculation training in person, or you may connect with one via an online therapy platform.
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