Are substance abuse and addiction the same?

Substance abuse and substance addiction are two terms that many people use interchangeably, but they are different. Substance abuse occurs when some use substances but isn’t addicted. Addiction is a term that describes dependence that impacts varying aspects of a person’s life. This doesn’t mean that substance abuse is ok, or not problematic. The two issues are distinct and require understanding to determine the best treatment options and others.

Substance abuse typically doesn’t interrupt a person’s daily life. Legal complications can result from substance abuse, making it a potentially costly and serious issue. Using drugs and alcohol can also result in damages to the mind and body. The risks of overdose, damage to the body’s systems, and other harm are just as real with substance abuse as they are with addiction. Substance use lacks the physical dependence issues that are present with addiction.

Addiction often results in chemical dependency that causes changes to behavior and decision-making that can result in negative health consequences and consequences like being unable to attend work, financial difficulties, and legal issues. Even with awareness of all the consequences of substance addiction, people who are addicted struggle to make positive changes like changing habits to make their situations better. Addiction can result in loss of friends and family, homelessness, job loss, and may even die from health consequences due to drug addiction or overdose. Chemical dependency often means that simple willpower or decisions aren’t enough to change things.

Understanding the difference between substance abuse and substance addiction can help you understand and support loved ones struggling with either issue. It can also help you determine the best course of action when seeking treatment. Treatment options for substance addiction often include chemical dependence treatment programs that may utilize individual, family, and group therapy, psychoeducation to understand addiction, and varying levels of care that range from inpatient services to outpatient programs. Sometimes with chemical dependence, there may be a need for medically supervised detoxification. Treatment for substance use can be very similar but usually doesn’t require detoxification or specific addiction treatment.

If you are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357.