Are depression and anxiety genetic?

Much like nearly every other mental health diagnosis, the development of depression and anxiety may be influenced by genetic factors but aren’t the whole picture. A combination of environmental factors and biology plays a role.

If you’re related to someone who has either depression or anxiety, you are more likely to experience them as well, but it isn’t a guarantee that you will. You may also have an anxiety or depression disorder even when no one in your family does.

While no single gene has been found to cause either depression or anxiety, researchers know that family members are more likely to be diagnosed. Research also shows that the environment, lifestyle, family dynamics, and individual experiences play a role in determining whether someone develops depression. It’s usually a mix of factors that are found in people who have either depression or anxiety.

Some common symptoms of depression are hopelessness, lack of energy, irritation, appetite changes, loss of interest in things once enjoyed, feelings of guilt, and difficulty focusing. Symptoms that last for two weeks or more may indicate the need for a visit with your doctor or mental health provider.

Anxiety has similar symptoms. Loss of energy, lack of focus, nervousness, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, feelings of worry, disturbed sleep, gastrointestinal issues, and avoiding things that may cause these symptoms to appear are all indicators of anxiety. When these begin to interfere with your willingness to participate in daily life activities, it’s time to talk with your doctor or mental health care provider.

While the process of diagnosing and determining which type of anxiety or depression you may be experiencing can vary somewhat, typically, clinicians will ask about your family’s psychological history and your environment growing up. Research has shown that those who grow up with someone who experiences anxiety or depression are at a higher risk. Some environmental factors may predispose someone to depression or anxiety.

Lifestyle changes and good habits can be helpful as a supportive add-on or preventative strategy. These include exercise, meditation, ensuring you get good sleep, and eating well. Other common treatments for depression and anxiety include medication and counseling, sometimes used together and used separately.

Visit with your doctor or mental health provider when you notice changes out of the ordinary or symptoms that interfere with your ability to function in work, school, or in relationships.