Where does Alzheimer’s come from?

Alzheimer’s is a progressive condition that causes memory loss and eventually difficulties with walking and swallowing. The disease is at work in the brain long before the first symptoms appear or become noticeable to the patient or others. Researchers believe that build-ups of protein that start in one location of the brain and move and build in others are responsible for symptoms.

In the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s, it may be completely undetectable. Alzheimer’s is present in the brain, causing microscopic changes long before symptoms first appear. The first noticeable symptoms typically involve memory loss and some social difficulties or trouble navigating mentally stressful situations. As the disease advances, symptoms are more pronounced in its mid-stages, and the need for full-time care is usually present. This stage of the disease usually lasts the longest. In its final stage, the condition makes it difficult for patients to communicate, engage with their environment, and full-time care is necessary.

Scientists aren’t sure about what causes Alzheimer’s to develop, but the research indicates that lifestyle and genetic factors, and the environment play a role. Some studies have shown that taking care to protect cardiovascular health with proper diet, exercise, and sleep may be helpful. This conclusion is based on the fact that many people with Alzheimer’s also have cardiovascular concerns, and lifestyle changes to prevent and ease cardiovascular risks early on may also impact the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease since the two may be related.

The proteins that form in the brain are called plaques and tangles due to the structures they resemble. The brain is filled with billions of nerve cells. These cells need to communicate with one another so that tasks like thinking, learning, and remembering can take place. Cells also must receive certain nutrients and supplies to function properly. Due to the development and placement of plaques and tangles in the brain, cells may have difficulty communicating with one another and receiving the supplies they need to function properly. This is thought to contribute to cell death in the brain. Over time, the cell death that occurs due to plaques and tangles spreads, and eventually, the brain atrophies or shrinks, losing mass.

At present, there are no cures for Alzheimer’s or treatments that slow or halt the progression of the disease, although research is ongoing. Experts typically recommend a healthy diet, adequate sleep, and proper exercise to both prevent cardiovascular issues and promote healthy aging.

If you have questions about Alzheimer’s disease, talk with your trusted medical provider, or contact the Alzheimer’s Helpline at 1-800-272-3900.