Why Alzheimer’s disease occurs?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease. It accounts for most dementia cases recorded and impacts mostly people over the age of 65, although it may occur earlier. Symptoms of the condition are memory disturbances, thinking issues, and personality changes. Scientists aren’t entirely positive about what causes Alzheimer’s, but they have identified risk factors, genetic contributory factors, and lifestyle issues that can contribute to it.

Alzheimer’s patients have changes in the brain that include what scientists call plaques and tangles in the brain, which are build-ups of certain types of proteins in the brain that interrupt the ability of brain cells to communicate with one another. This process results in brain cell death, which over time, results in atrophy in the brain, or actual shrinkage in the brain’s mass.

The changes in the brain are thought to contribute to the symptoms, which are:

• Memory loss
• Poor judgment
• Taking longer to complete daily tasks
• Repeating statements and questions
• Difficulty with numbers and finances
• Getting lost in familiar places
• Mood and personality changes
• Irritability

As time goes on, symptoms may become more severe, but Alzheimer’s is usually diagnosed early, with the symptoms above being noticeable. The ability to complete daily tasks typically becomes increasingly difficult and may interfere with living independently.

Aging doesn’t cause Alzheimer’s disease, but it is a risk factor. Most diagnoses of Alzheimer’s are made in people over 65. Normally occurring age-related changes in the brain may contribute to the damage caused by the disease.

A family history of Alzheimer’s may increase the likelihood that the disease will develop. Still, this consideration isn’t only genetic as families often share environments and other habits that may be factors. Researchers have identified both contributory genes that may predispose someone to be more likely to develop the condition, although this gene isn’t a guarantee that Alzheimer’s will develop. A gene that predetermines that the disease will develop has also been found but is extremely rare. 

Research also shows that heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions may be linked with the development of Alzheimer’s. Diabetes and obesity are also linked with the disease. Researchers are working to understand how reducing the risk factors for these conditions may impact developing Alzheimer’s disease. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercise, social interactions, and a healthy sleep schedule are all potential protective factors.

At present, there are no cures for Alzheimer’s disease, nor are any treatments that slow, stop, or reverse the disease. Maximizing available information or maintaining health throughout life and promoting healthy aging is important. Scientists continue to search for viable treatments and cures.

If you are experiencing symptoms of Alzheimer’s, or if someone you know may be struggling with symptoms of the condition, talk with your doctor for guidance. You can contact the Alzheimer’s 24/7 helpline at 1-800-272-3900.