Are Motivation Theories Culture Bound?

From where does motivation originate?

One of the major theories about motivation is that motivation is derived from intrinsic (internal) or extrinsic (external) sources. What this theory indicates is that all of us are motivated by different sources.

If someone is intrinsically motivated, they are motivated by things within themselves. A sense of pride, personal accomplishment, and high internal expectations drive their decisions or practices. This is the kind of person that shows up to work on time every day, whether their boss keeps track of that data or not. They also do not need praise or positive reinforcement from others because they get that from their own feelings of pride.

If someone is extrinsically motivated, they are motivated by external resources. A bonus check at the end of a great quarter, high praise from their boss via email, and recognition for a job well done are all things that are important to a person with extrinsic motivation. This person wants to be acknowledged and appreciated for what they have accomplished.

How does culture play into this?

These ideas are very Western and specifically American-focused. The United States is often depicted as where everyone is in it for themselves; no one will be looking out for you if you do not look out for yourself. Often people feel that a lot can be accomplished if you only work hard, put in your time, and take care of yourself.

The reality is that many cultures do not have such a viewpoint. Many Eastern cultures, such as Asian cultures, put far more weight on family and the “village” than oneself. Many children report that they are pulled into a particular profession because their parents want them to accomplish more than they did with their education. Oftentimes, multiple generations live within the same home, sharing the same resources, challenges, and even motivation. The motivation is often derived from a sense of duty to others versus duty to oneself. It does not necessarily matter if one person is uncomfortable if it is best for the group.

In viewing the idea of motivation and where a person specifically derives their motivation, it is important to have a full, detailed family and social history. This can help paint a clear picture of what matters most to that person based on their values and ideals. Additionally, even among cultures, there can be vastly differing viewpoints about motivation and what impacts thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.