What Causes A Stressed Face: Understanding The Signs Of Burnout
Stress, often known as the fight or flight response, is a release of chemicals like cortisol and adrenaline (sometimes referred to as “stress hormones”) in the body that cause distress, anxiety, fear, and the urge to act. For many, stress occurs when they are overwhelmed or adversely affected by events, tasks, or relationships. Stress can be caused by everyday experiences such as work or school issues, problems in one’s personal life, or family conflict, among many other concerns.
When experienced occasionally or short-term, stress may not have long-term adverse impacts. The release of a stress hormone like cortisol is even normal or necessary in specific circumstances (one example being when we wake up in the morning). However, excessive or persistent stress affects humans in a number of ways, taking a toll on the mind and the body. There are a few ways stress can manifest itself in the body. Learning how to cope with stress, understand the warning signs of burnout, and manage your emotions can be valuable in reducing the impacts of stress.
What are the physical symptoms of stress, and how do they manifest in the body?
There are a number of ways stress can affect the body, including the following.
Changes to hair and skin
Tension and stress can lead to visible changes to your body, including skin aging and dark circles centered on the eye bags. Skin aging often comes as a result of the brain-skin connection transmitting stress responses to the skin. The stress-related skin changes we see often show up as fine lines (whether those be horizontal or vertical lines), less elasticity, more oil on the skin, and shifts in pigmentation. Eye circles, on the other hand, are usually created due to stress diverting blood away from the face. This can cause the skin barrier between the blood vessels and the under-eye bags to become visually thinner.
In addition to skin changes, stress can also cause graying hair. According to the study, Hyperactivation of Sympathetic Nerves Drives Melanocyte Stem Cell Depletion, the stress-related activation of sympathetic nerves drives the depletion of somatic stem cells. Because hair follicles store certain types of stem cells, the depletion of these cells can cause the formation of unpigmented hairs (i.e. gray hair).
Facial tension
When feeling stressed or tense, your muscles might tighten or become stiff or difficult to move. When someone experiences a high volume of stress for a sustained period, they may experience tension in the face, grind their jaw, furrow their brow, or scrunch their forehead.
Facial tension can range from mild to severe. The symptoms of facial tension can include redness in the face, stiffness in the jaw muscles, dull or aching pain across the forehead, and numbness or tingling. In addition, stress can cause tension headaches or migraines, which may feel like a headache in the back of the head or a band tightening around your forehead.
There are different types of tension headaches, including episodic and chronic. Episodic tension headaches are more short-term and can last around thirty minutes, but if you have them frequently, they can disrupt your daily functioning. Chronic tension headaches may last for hours, days, or weeks. Chronic facial pain or headaches because of stress can contribute to symptoms of depression or anxiety and can impede an individual's daily life. If you're experiencing chronic facial tension, consider seeking support from a doctor or therapist.
Redness or flushing
Facial redness or flushing is another common symptom of stress or anxiety. When your face becomes red or flushed due to anxiety or stress, it may be due to the dilation of the capillaries in the face. This symptom may also be caused by related conditions, like high blood pressure. Depending on the situation, redness or flushing can last for a period of hours or longer.
The self-consciousness and additional stress that can come alongside this symptom can be hard to cope with, as you may worry about people noticing that your face is red or that you look different. This process can be a feedback loop in which the more that you notice others seeing that you are stressed, the more stressed you become.
Lip damage
Lip damage can also occur as a result of stress due to chewing on your lip or the inside of your mouth. Many people partake in chewing behaviors subconsciously. If your lip biting is causing damage to the outer layer of your lips or the inside of your mouth, increasing your awareness of the behavior can be beneficial. Once you know it is happening, you can take action to stop it.
One way to refrain from biting your lip is by distracting yourself. When you notice yourself engaged in chewing on your lip or the side of your mouth, try to redirect the energy through a distracting activity. For example, you could write in your journal, call a friend, or play with a stress fidget toy.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ)
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) is a condition that can cause intense pain in the jaw. The pain can be so debilitating that surgery may be recommended. TMJ has several potential causes, including face or jaw trauma, misalignment, braces, chewing gum excessively, and damaged teeth due to nocturnal grinding. It can also develop due to stress, anxiety, or clenching your jaw. If severe enough, TMJ could require medical intervention. If you find that TMJ impacts your quality of life, it may be helpful to seek a medical diagnosis and treatment from a healthcare professional.
Fight, flight, or freeze response
When faced with a substantial threat or perception of a threat, the body often goes into survival mode. As a result, you may experience a fight, flight or freeze response. The fight response means that your body is trying to combat a situation, whereas flight means you're trying to run away or avoid, and freeze means your body tenses up and you become immobile. During a freeze response, you might struggle to set boundaries, talk, or stand up for yourself.
People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders may often experience the fight, flight, or freeze response due to general stressors. While you may or may not experience facial effects as a result, knowing what the fight or flight response looks like can help you choose coping skills to address it.
If you are experiencing trauma, support is available. Please see our Get Help Now page for more resources.
Mental burnout due to long-term stress
Long-term stress can cause long-term mental and physical impacts. For many, a consequence of stress is mental burnout, which is a state that results from overworking to the point of exhaustion, frustration, and a reduced sense of accomplishment. It can occur due to a career, relationship, schoolwork, or other responsibilities.
There are three main components to burnout, including exhaustion, cynicism, and feeling like your professional ability is compromised. If you start to experience significant work-related stress, take on too many responsibilities at school, or put too much on your schedule, you might start to experience burnout. Some people also experience burnout from too much sensory input or difficulty with executive function, which is common in those identifying as neurodivergent or living with a learning disability.
The physical manifestations of stress above could be present when someone is experiencing burnout. A person may have little or no control over how their burnout manifests. A few symptoms of burnout may include the following:
- Stress headaches
- Anxiety
- Panic attacks
- Stomach aches or headaches
- Immune system issues
- Poor work performance or reduced work performance
- Isolation from friends and family
- Depression
- Exhaustion (or other symptoms resulting from sleep deprivation)
- Difficulty concentrating or focusing
- Difficulty managing a healthy work-life balance
The risk factors for burnout can vary from person to person and may be more significant for those with certain personality traits, such as high levels of neuroticism or low levels of agreeableness. In addition, some professionals may be more prone to job burnout than others. For example, burnout commonly affects those in caregiving or helping jobs. It can also affect those in educational settings, with a common example being male and female medical students (or those of any gender). However, it can affect people who work in any role or industry. Other workplace risk factors that may cause you to experience burnout symptoms include high-stress levels and situations, bullying, harassment, unfair treatment at work, and job expectations that are too high or feel hard to manage.
How to cope with emotional exhaustion, stress, and burnout
If you want to overcome burnout or stress, you may find relief from the following coping mechanisms.
Lifestyle changes
Making short-term or long-term lifestyle changes can be beneficial for reducing your stress level and the overall risk of burnout. For example, you could take a break from work or change your shift to hours that work better for you. If you can't take a vacation or sick time, try to make the most out of the time that you're not working. Minimize thinking about work when you're not at work, and instead focus on your other interests, positive friendships, and family relationships.
If you often work late into the evenings, try to check in with yourself to ensure you're not being overextended. If possible, consider trying to address the size of your workload with your manager. In addition, try to make time for your hobbies and take the time to de-stress after work.
Self-care practices
There are many self-care practices that you can try that may help you manage stress and find relief from physical symptoms, and improve your overall well-being, including the following:
- Taking hot showers or baths
- Massage
- Maintaining a healthy diet
- Moisturizers to deal with dry skin and other skin issues
- Yoga
- Establishing supportive relationships
- Meditation or relaxation techniques
- Deep breathing exercises
Facial exercises
For relief from stress-related facial tension, you can also try a variety of facial exercises:
- Happy face: Smile as wide as you can and hold the face for a count of five. Repeat this ten times.
- Furrowed brow: Intentionally wrinkle your forehead and arch your eyebrows. If you hold this position for a count of 15-20 seconds, then release it, you may release tension. You can do this exercise in a set of three.
- Eye squeeze: Close your eyes gently and hold them that way for about 20 seconds before releasing them.
- Facial massage: Massage the sides of your forehead with your thumbs, being careful not to press too hard.
Counseling with a professional
Recent studies have shown that online counseling can benefit those experiencing burnout. For instance, one study examined the effectiveness of web-based psychotherapy in treating and preventing burnout. It found that online therapy reduced participants' burnout risk compared with the control group.
If you are already stressed or experiencing burnout, making time for therapy may feel challenging and even more stressful. With online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp, you can match with a therapist online and meet with your therapist wherever you have an internet connection, which may offer convenience and remove some of the pressure and stress you might experience from scheduling an in-person appointment. You can also choose between phone, video, or live chat sessions with your therapist.
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Takeaway
How do I know if I am burnt out?
Burnout symptoms may take a variety of forms. Warning signs may include emotional exhaustion, a feeling of being overtaxed or having little or no control, high levels of stress or anxiety, and feelings of hopelessness, irritability, or apathy. Physical symptoms may include headaches, trouble eating or sleeping, high blood pressure, and frequent illness, among others.
What is the best way to recover from burnout?
In order to overcome burnout, you might consider starting by tending to your physical, emotional, and mental well-being. Self-care strategies, such as eating a healthy diet, making time for exercise, practicing mindfulness and meditation, or journaling, may be helpful. Speaking to counselors or other healthcare providers may also be advisable. When it comes to workplace burnout, it may also be useful to build breaks into your schedule, speak to your manager about job expectations, and work together to create a plan for balancing your professional and personal life.
How do you cheer up a burnout?
When a friend or a loved one is feeling burnt out, offering emotional support may be helpful for making them feel heard and understood. If a loved one feels they are juggling too many responsibilities at work, it may be worth looking for ways to help alleviate stress in other areas of their life—for example, by helping with chores, picking up groceries, or suggesting stress-relieving activities that you can do together.
Am I burnt out or unmotivated?
It can at times be difficult to distinguish burnout from a lack of motivation, partly because burnout may lead to a decrease in motivation. It may be helpful to think back on your previous work performance, in addition to what your relationship with your job was like before you began experiencing symptoms. This may indicate whether the underlying cause is related to motivation or burnout.
Am I an introvert or burnt out?
Those with introverted personalities may find that they experience burnout-like symptoms, or feel emotionally depleted, in response to prolonged social interaction. To figure out the root cause, it may be helpful to examine whether symptoms improve with solitude, or after taking time to recharge after social situations.
How long does burnout last?
The length of time a person experiences burnout may depend on a variety of factors, such as coping strategies, work environment, outside support, and individual personality traits. Previous burnout research has suggested that it may take up to one to three years to fully recover from burnout. (Note that mental health research is constantly evolving, so older sources may contain information or theories that have been reevaluated since their original publication date.)
Is burnout bad for your mental health?
Although burnout is not typically considered an official medical diagnosis, it can have various occupational consequences, in addition to mental and physical side effects. In a systematic review from 2017, burnout was found to be correlated with insomnia, depressive symptoms, and mental health-related hospitalization.
What is an example of burnout?
Burnout may take different forms for different people. In the case of job burnout, you might feel cynical or irritable, experience frequent disagreements with colleagues, or find yourself spending more and more time working. On the other hand, you may also find yourself unable to work as hard, getting sick more often, or experiencing feelings of dread or resentment related to work. School-related burnout may also lead to similar symptoms.
Can overthinking cause burnout?
Although work-related stress is often cited as a primary cause of burnout, other factors, such as overthinking, may also lead to symptoms of burnout in some cases. This may be due to mental fatigue, high levels of stress hormones, or increased anxiety, which may come as a result of overthinking.
What are the 12 stages of burnout?
The timeline and stages of burnout may look different for different people. That said, psychologists Herbert Freudenberger and Gail North have developed a frequently cited model of burnout that includes the following 12 stages:
- Excessive ambition or desire to prove oneself
- Pushing oneself to work harder
- Neglecting one’s basic needs
- Dismissing or displacing real-life problems or conflicts
- Deprioritizing things that aren’t related to work (such as friends, family, or hobbies)
- Denial of burnout-related issues
- Withdrawal from social life
- Changes in behavior
- Depersonalization
- A feeling of emptiness inside
- Depression or exhaustion
- Physical or mental collapse
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