Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Therapy Options
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common mental health disorder that affects school-age children, teens, and adults alike. It is estimated that 8.4% of children and 2.5% of adults are diagnosed with ADHD—though the actual percentages may be even higher since some individuals with ADHD may not realize they have the disorder or have not been formally diagnosed. ADHD symptoms can be disruptive to daily life and functioning, but they can often be effectively managed with the right support. Here, we’ll explore some of the available therapy and medication options for people with ADHD.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and a form of neurodivergence, which means that the brains of people with ADHD tend to work differently than “neurotypical” brains. As a result of their symptoms, children with ADHD may struggle with schoolwork or have difficulty sitting still, staying on task, and refraining from engaging in impulsive behaviors. Adults with ADHD may have trouble functioning in work and relationships, managing time effectively, struggling with organization and completing tasks, and overcoming restlessness.
ADHD treatment options for all ages
There are many treatment options available for people with ADHD. Some of the most common types include therapy, medication, and adjusting lifestyle factors.
Therapeutic interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Individuals with ADHD may find relief from their symptoms through behavior therapy or talk therapy. Some of the most common types of therapy for ADHD include:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
CBT is one of the most popular therapy methods, and it’s easy to understand why: studies show it is an effective treatment for a wide range of mental health conditions, including ADHD. CBT focuses on reframing negative thought patterns into more positive ones, which can improve an individual’s mood, outlook, self-esteem, and more. In CBT for ADHD, the mental health professional may focus specifically on helping individuals reframe their thought patterns around productivity or their emotions, leading to increased motivation and more positive emotions.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
MBCT combines the central tenets of CBT – reshaping negative or unhelpful thought patterns into more positive ones – with the principles of mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness involves intentional awareness of the present moment without judging or trying to change it. Practicing mindfulness techniques, like breathing exercises and meditation, paired with reframing cognitive distortions, can help to improve ADHD symptoms and overall well-being.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Many people know dialectical behavior therapy as the gold-standard treatment for borderline personality disorder, but this type of therapy can also be an effective treatment for ADHD. DBT works by helping individuals become more comfortable with distressing emotions, which can benefit those with ADHD who struggle with emotion control. Additionally, DBT can help improve interpersonal relationships, improve focus, and decrease ADHD symptoms overall.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder coaching
Some people with ADHD may be looking to address specific symptoms or issues. In these cases, an ADHD coach could be an effective tool.
ADHD coaching can help individuals target particular situations caused by their ADHD symptoms; for example, chronic lateness or issues focusing at work.
ADHD coaching can offer new methods and tools to help individuals with ADHD overcome obstacles and meet their goals.
Interpersonal therapy as an ADHD treatment
Some people with ADHD may have relationship trouble due to specific ADHD symptoms, like disorganization, emotional dysregulation, and difficulty focusing during conversations. In interpersonal therapy, individuals with ADHD can learn to better accept their emotions and effectively communicate with others.
Group ADHD therapy options
Group therapy can be a supportive intervention for people with ADHD. Like support groups, group therapy sessions give individuals the opportunity to narrate their stories and provide comfort and encouragement to one another, knowing that fellow group members can understand and empathize with them. Unlike many support groups, however, group therapy is typically administered by a mental health professional, who may incorporate therapeutic techniques like CBT. ADHD group therapy may also offer tools and coping strategies to manage ADHD symptoms, leading to more positive behavior overall.
Narrative therapy for ADHD symptoms
Some people with ADHD experience self-stigma, which involves feelings of shame around having ADHD and experiencing ADHD symptoms. These individuals may experience low self-esteem or struggle with feeling confident. Narrative therapy can be a positive tool in helping people rewrite the stories they tell themselves, encouraging them to recognize their strengths and achievements rather than focusing on their perceived negative qualities.
Medication that may be prescribed in addition to ADHD therapy options
Another standard treatment for ADHD is medication. Pharmacological treatment helps with impulse control, emotional control, focus, and several other areas that are typically impacted by ADHD. ADHD medications generally work by increasing levels of brain chemicals like norepinephrine and dopamine. Studies show that both therapy and medications can be effective treatments for ADHD.
Stimulants
Stimulant medications are commonly prescribed to treat ADHD. Stimulants increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, helping individuals with ADHD to think more clearly, pay attention more easily, and increase productivity overall. Stimulant medications can cause side effects and may lead to changes in sleep and decreased appetite.
Nonstimulants
Nonstimulant medications have been shown to improve ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of norepinephrine in the brain. Nonstimulant medications may take longer to take effect compared to stimulants, which tend to work right away. However, some people may experience fewer side effects with this type of ADHD treatment.
Antidepressants
Though antidepressants have not been FDA-approved for treating ADHD, they can be a helpful tool for decreasing ADHD symptoms. Antidepressants, like stimulants, can increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to better focus, clearer thoughts, and improved motivation. However, antidepressants that affect serotonin (SSRIs) have not been shown to help treat ADHD. That said, various trials are being conducted on the efficacy of novel ADHD treatments, and the FDA recently approved a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of ADHD in patients aged 6-17 years old.
Managing ADHD symptoms and behavior with lifestyle changes
For some people, changing certain lifestyle factors can relieve ADHD symptoms. This can be particularly helpful for those who aren’t interested in taking medication or who are not receiving mental health assistance. However, these healthy lifestyle changes can benefit anyone with ADHD, regardless of whether they are in therapy and/or use medication.
Sleep
Most of us know that sleep can be a crucial part of taking care of our mental and physical health. But for individuals with ADHD, getting adequate sleep can be a way to keep symptoms at bay. Individuals with ADHD are more likely to struggle with insomnia and other sleep problems, and if this is the case for you, looking into treatment for sleep issues may be an effective way to improve your physical and mental health and ADHD symptoms.
Exercise
Like getting adequate sleep, regular exercise can benefit everyone, not just those with ADHD. However, exercise may be a particularly effective treatment for ADHD – studies show that regular exercise can improve all symptoms of ADHD, including inattention, hyperactivity, executive function, impulsivity, motor skills, and academic performance.
Routines for physical and mental health
Implementing routines into daily life may lessen ADHD symptoms like executive dysfunction, time management, and impulsivity. You may consider going to bed and waking up at the same time and creating morning and evening routines. An example of a nighttime routine may include making yourself a balanced meal, engaging in a hobby you enjoy, and taking a relaxing bath or shower before bed. Other beneficial lifestyle adjustments may consist of:
- Managing stress
- Eating a balanced diet
- Leaning on friends and family members for support
- Trying meditation or yoga
Potential benefits of therapy for people with ADHD
Therapy can be an effective way to improve ADHD symptoms and invest in your mental health. If you’re new to therapy, you may not know if it’s right for you, but research indicates that people who attend therapy gain benefits that last even after they stop attending therapy. Some benefits from therapy include improved physical and mental health, fewer sick days, improved work satisfaction, and fewer medical issues.
The option of online therapy for mental health
Additionally, therapy doesn’t have to involve waiting rooms, inconvenient appointment times, or finding childcare if you have children. With online therapy, you can receive the benefits of in-office treatment from the comfort of your home – no commute or babysitter necessary. Studies show that online therapy is effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, and research indicates online ADHD therapy may be an effective intervention for people with ADHD.
Takeaway
There are many different types of ADHD treatments you can utilize to improve ADHD symptoms, including behavioral treatment and medication treatment. Therapeutic interventions like CBT, DBT, and ADHD coaching or occupational therapy, among many others, can help you learn new skills for coping with ADHD symptoms and even improve your ability to focus and manage time. Medications are also common tools for symptom management, as well as adjusting lifestyle factors like sleep, diet, and routines.
Treating ADHD with therapy, medication, or lifestyle factors – or a combination of the three – can be the first step toward a happier and more fulfilling life for people with adult ADHD.
What is the safest ADHD treatment?
The safest way to treat ADHD depends on the person. For many, starting with behavior therapy and talk therapy helps build good habits and manage challenges works well. Parent training can also help caregivers support a child’s behavior in a structured way. Some people benefit from stimulant medications or non-stimulant medications, but these should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.
For some, a combination of prescription medications and behavioral interventions may be recommended based on their specific needs. Adding healthy routines like exercise, sleep, and a good diet also supports brain activity and promotes positive behaviors. Always talk to a doctor or healthcare professional to figure out what’s best.
What type of therapy is best for ADHD?
The best treatment for ADHD depends on the person. Behavior therapy helps improve a child’s behavior and encourages positive behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is useful for both adults and children to manage emotions.
For children, parent training and behavior management teach caregivers how to support ADHD symptoms. Social skills training helps with communication, and support groups provide encouragement. A healthcare provider can recommend the best combination of therapy and other treatments.
What is the best treatment for ADHD?
Many people benefit from behavior therapy, talk therapy, and behavioral interventions to improve focus and social skills. Parent training is helpful for caregivers managing a child’s behavior, while social skills training teaches better communication.
For some, ADHD medications, including stimulant medications or non-stimulant medications, help manage symptoms. A healthcare provider may recommend prescription medications based on the person’s ADHD diagnosis.
Other treatments like healthy routines, stress management, and better organizational skills can also help. A healthcare professional can help find the right balance of therapy, medication, and daily strategies.
What are the 4 ways ADHD can be treated?
- Behavior therapy – Helps a child manage daily challenges and improve behaviors.
- Medication – Some people use stimulants or non-stimulants to control symptoms.
- Lifestyle changes – Structure, routine, and healthy habits support focus.
- Support and training – Parent training and therapy help both a child and family manage ADHD effectively.
What does high-functioning ADHD look like?
A child with high-functioning ADHD may struggle with focus, routines, and daily behaviors but still manage tasks. Another child might need more support, like non-stimulants or structure. Every child with ADHD experiences it differently, and adults face similar challenges in daily life.
What is the gold standard treatment for adult ADHD?
The best treatment for ADHD includes therapy and medication. A child benefits from behavior therapy to improve behaviors like focus and self-control. Adults also use therapy and medication to manage daily behaviors. Every child and adult may need different treatments.
Is DBT or CBT better for ADHD?
CBT is often better for ADHD because it helps with focus and daily strategies. DBT is useful for emotional control, which can improve certain behaviors.
Behavior therapy is also helpful, especially for a child with ADHD. Some may need a mix of both therapies. Non-stimulants can also be part of treatment, depending on individual needs.
What is the safest ADHD treatment?
Behavior therapy, parent training, and behavior management are often recommended, especially for children younger than six, to improve a child’s behavior. For adults, therapy can improve focus and self-control.
Some may need ADHD medications, including stimulants and non-stimulant medications. A child with ADHD may require treatment to manage behaviors like impulsivity and inattention. A healthcare professional may recommend different medications with close monitoring to manage side effects like blood pressure changes or weight loss.
Other options include learning to manage distractions, improving self-awareness, and using therapy to resolve conflict and cope with daily challenges. If the doctor recommends parent training for children with ADHD, parents may want to strongly consider it.
What are the three C's of ADHD?
The three C’s of ADHD are consistency, clarity, and compassion. These help manage behaviors in both children younger than six and adults with ADHD.
- Consistency – Sticking to routines and behavior management strategies helps a child stay organized and focused.
- Clarity – Giving clear instructions and expectations reduces confusion and supports learning.
- Compassion – Understanding challenges and using behavior therapy or psychotherapy helps build confidence.
Using strategies like structure and positive reinforcement, along with treatments such as stimulants, non-stimulants, and first-line therapies, can support ADHD management in the same place as daily activities.
What is the hardest age for ADHD?
The hardest age for ADHD varies, but children ages 6 to 12 often struggle the most. School demands increase, making it harder to manage attention span, follow rules, and control problem behaviors. Behavior therapy and behavior management can help during this stage.
For adults, ADHD can still be challenging. Adult ADHD may cause difficulties with organization, focus, and impulsivity. Psychotherapy and structured strategies can help manage these issues.
ADHD symptoms may also change over time due to differences in brain wave patterns and development. As people with ADHD learn to manage symptoms, they develop coping skills and reduce distress at any age.
Does ADHD qualify for disability?
ADHD can be a disability if it affects daily life, work, or school. A child or adult with ADHD may have trouble with focus and behaviors that make tasks harder.
Support like behavior therapy and non-stimulants can help, but if struggles remain severe, disability benefits may be an option.
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