The Effect Of Gender Roles And Stereotypes In Adolescence

The biological and emotional process of adolescence often plays a crucial role in the formation of an individual’s identity and future decision-making. As a child enters this transformative stage, family, peer, and cultural influences can play a meaningful role in life. One of the more poignant influences during this transformative period can come from deeply ingrained culturally sanctioned gender roles. Gender roles encompass a set of societal norms, expectations, and stereotypes typically associated with gender. 

Composed of a wide set of prescribed behaviors, including communication patterns, interests, and appearances, gendered expectations tend to exert a substantial level of influence on teens and adolescents. In this article, we’ll explore examples of traditional gender roles, the effects of stereotypes on adolescent mental health, and how modern parents and young people can challenge rigid gender role attitudes. 

The gender intensification hypothesis

In exploring the influence of culturally sanctioned gender roles, it may be helpful to understand the gender intensification hypothesis. According to research published in Child Development, this hypothesis, proposed by John Hill and Mary Lynch in 1983, explains that beginning in early adolescence, “girls and boys face increased pressure to conform to culturally sanctioned gender roles.

The article goes on to state that “these pressures come from a variety of sources that convey messages about appropriate gender roles, such as parents, peers, educators, and the media.” Under such pressures, adolescents are believed to develop more distinct gender identities in line with stereotypical attitudes and behaviors, which are likely to influence their future roles in adulthood. 

Traditional gender roles and the toll of gender stereotypes

Gender roles are societal expectations that often shape how individuals behave, communicate, look, groom, and conduct themselves based on their assigned sex. While prior research shows no significant difference between people of different genders neurologically, gender stereotypes often continue to play a role in shaping individual identity from early adolescence onward. 

The relationship between gender roles and adolescence typically becomes apparent at an early age. In many cultures and social groups, children are taught that girls and women should dress femininely and embody qualities like politeness, accommodation, and a nurturing demeanor. Conversely, men and boys are generally encouraged to display assertiveness, boldness, and strength while suppressing emotions.

These expectations can affect various aspects of life, including appearance, behavior, and even career choices. As these perceived norms are typically modeled early on, they often become internalized. The toll of gender stereotypes can often weigh heavily on adolescents as they navigate self-discovery and social development. The internalization of these norms can have a profound impact on the emotional well-being and mental health of adolescents.

In many cases, gender roles may cause women and girls to feel pressured to meet unrealistic beauty standards, develop specific personality traits, and behave in a certain way. On the other hand, men and boys often face the burden of suppressing their emotions and adhering to notions of toxic masculinity, which can contribute to a lack of emotional expression and vulnerability.

These roles and expectations can profoundly shape adolescents' experiences, often impacting emotional well-being, self-esteem, aspirations, relationships, and overall development.

Breaking free from these stereotypes and challenging the internalized gender norms can be crucial for fostering a healthier and more inclusive society, one that recognizes and celebrates the diverse expressions of gender identity and allows individuals to thrive as they are.

Challenging gender stereotypes

Challenging traditional gender roles can bring about numerous benefits for adolescents. When it comes to challenging outdated stereotypes, parents can play a pivotal role in their adolescents' perspectives. By creating an open and non-judgmental space for communication, parents may help adolescents to feel more comfortable discussing their thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to gender.

In many cases, allowing adolescents the freedom to explore their identity free of gendered expectations can lead to a more authentic sense of self, as well as increased self-confidence and self-acceptance. By questioning and breaking free from societal expectations, adolescents may open themselves up to a widened variety of possibilities, as well as opportunities for personal growth. As adolescents gain an authentic understanding of themselves, they typically feel free to explore and pursue their passions without limitations.

Additionally, challenging gender norms can promote empathy and inclusivity as adolescents learn to appreciate and respect the diverse experiences and expressions of gender. Overall, moving away from rigid definitions of gender can lead to a more equitable society, crafting a future of adolescents who won't be limited by predetermined roles and expectations. 

As a parent, engaging in activities that break gender stereotypes, such as encouraging adolescents of all genders to pursue a wide range of interests and hobbies, can send a powerful message. By being supportive and accepting of their adolescents' self-expression, parents may help them develop a strong sense of self and challenge the limitations imposed by traditional gender norms.

Online therapy for parents adolescents

As a parent, you likely want to help your child and guide them toward solutions to the problems they may be experiencing. While many concerns can be overcome with communication, patience, and determination, other obstacles may require the help of a professional, such as a therapist. 

For busy parents, online therapy offers a flexible and affordable option for receiving well-informed guidance. Online therapy platforms allow you to receive care from your home or anywhere with an internet connection. With online therapy, you can connect with a therapist via audio, videoconferencing, or live chat. Some platforms, including BetterHelp, also offer in-app messaging, which allows you to message your therapist 24/7, and they’ll respond as soon as they can. This may be helpful if you experience challenges in between sessions. Also, if you have a child between 13 and 19 whom you believe could benefit from therapy, you might consider getting them support through TeenCounseling. 

The efficacy of online therapy 

Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been proven to provide high-quality care, with research showing it is equally as effective as in-person therapy. CBT is a framework that aims to help individuals identify and replace unhelpful thoughts to support more productive and positive behaviors. 

Takeaway

By recognizing the impact of rigid gender roles and stereotypes, parents may help foster a future where adolescents are free to grow into authentic self-expression and happiness. The expectations associated with these constructs can often lead to an array of negative consequences, including diminished self-esteem, restricted opportunities, mental health challenges, and limited personal growth. 

As parents strive to help their adolescents with the various challenges of the teen years, they may experience mental health challenges of their own. Parents may benefit from connecting with a therapist, whether in person or online. With BetterHelp, you can be matched with a therapist who has experience supporting parents of adolescents. Take the first step toward getting support as a parent or guardian and reach out to BetterHelp today.