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Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning symptoms usually become apparent during what is known as the “developmental phase” of childhood, typically considered to be between the ages of zero and six. ASD is characterized by symptoms from two main categories: difficulties with social interactions, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Difficulties with social interactions may include communication concerns, overly literal language interpretation, and misunderstanding social cues. Restricted and repetitive behavior patterns can include narrow areas of interest, emotional distress when experiencing a change in routine, and “stimming,” or engaging in repeated behavior like hand flapping. Support systems for people with ASD can include individualized education plans for children in the school system and workplace accommodations for Autistic employees. In addition, increasing awareness and acceptance of neurodevelopmental conditions and promoting neurodiversity can help to make the world a more supportive place for people with ASD.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a term in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), that is now used to describe a group of disorders that were previously considered to be distinct conditions, including Asperger’s syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder. ASD is also frequently referred to as “autism.” Some people with ASD may prefer to refer to themselves as “autistic,” while others may prefer the phrase “person with autism.”
Characterizations
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by symptoms from two main categories: difficulties with social interactions, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Difficulties with social interactions may include communication concerns, overly literal language interpretation, and misunderstanding social cues. Restricted and repetitive behavior patterns can include narrow areas of interest, emotional distress when experiencing a change in routine, and “stimming,” or engaging in repeated behavior like hand flapping.
Potential Symptoms
ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning symptoms usually become apparent during what is known as the “developmental phase” of childhood, typically considered to be between the ages of zero and six. However, it is possible to not receive an ASD diagnosis until later in childhood or adolescence, or even until adulthood. Systemic medical biases related to recognizing and diagnosing ASD may contribute to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Because ASD is neurodevelopmental, it cannot be cured.
Some people with ASD may require significant support with daily functioning, while others may experience little to no impairment. The inclusion of the word “spectrum” in the disorder’s name recognizes the broad range of experiences of Autistic people.
Takeaway
Support systems for people with ASD can include individualized education plans for children in the school system and workplace accommodations for Autistic employees. In addition, increasing awareness and acceptance of neurodevelopmental conditions and promoting neurodiversity can help to make the world a more supportive place for people with ASD.