Common Side Effects Of ADHD Medication
A potential treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, often abbreviated as ADHD, are prescription medications. Medications can have side effects for some people, so not all people with ADHD choose to take medication. Side effects are undesirable, adverse, or consequential effects that may occur when you are taking a medication or undergoing medical treatment. Talking to a doctor about your treatment options can help consider whether medication is right for you.
According to the FDA, side effects are "unwanted or unexpected events or a reaction to a drug. Side effects can either be minor, likea head ache, to critical situations, such as arrhythmias.
High blood pressure and other common side effects of ADHD medication
ADHD medications may cause side effects for some people, although they do not for everyone. Below are a few of the most common side effects of ADHD medication.
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Stimulants increase blood pressure and heart rate. Studies show that long-term stimulant medication use may increase the risk of developing heart disease and high blood pressure. While, in the past, researchers believed that long-term use of stimulant medications in children put them at risk of experiencing sudden cardiac death (sudden death), a recent meta-analysis of three studies with nearly two million subjects shows that this may not be the case.
Sleep problems
Some people may have difficulty sleeping when taking ADHD medication. If you or your child are taking stimulant medications multiple times a day and having difficulty sleeping at night, you may be taking the second or third dose of your medication too late in the day. Sleep issues may resolve over time as you or your child adjust to the medication. However, talk to your doctor before changing your medication schedule or dosage.
Moodiness and irritability
Some people may become moody or irritable when taking stimulants. If this symptom occurs, your doctor may recommend a different stimulant medication, a different dosage, or a non-stimulant medication.
Side effect questions
Individuals who experience side effects related to ADHD might consider speaking with their healthcare provider. They may be able to prescribe a medication that works better for a person’s specific needs. Some medications or combinations of medications may work better for different people with ADHD.
Treatment options for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
There is no “cure” for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This condition is present from birth and is a form of neurodiversity, a difference in brain functioning from those with “typical” behavior. Treatment may sometimes be used to help individuals manage symptoms that make daily functioning difficult due to a lack of accessibility or other challenges in their communities and personal lives. Both medication and therapy may be helpful in this process.
If you suspect that you or your child may have ADHD, the first step to getting treatment may be receiving an accurate diagnosis from a healthcare professional. Treatment plans for ADHD may involve a combination of therapy and medication.
Understanding different medications and dose considerations
Different medications for ADHD work via different mechanisms. There are two main categories of ADHD medications.
Stimulant ADHD medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Stimulant medications work by increasing levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, which assist in the optimization of attention and focus. Stimulants are the most common ADHD medications prescribed because they’ve been shown to be effective in managing ADHD symptoms, like hyperactivity and disruptive behavior, in as many as 70% of adults and between 70 and 80% of children.
If stimulants cause unwanted side effects, your doctor may change your medication dosage or try a different medication. Stimulants are considered controlled substances because they present risk for safety, dependency and misuse. That is why it is important to only use stimulants under the careful guidance and monitoring of a licensed medical provider.
Non-stimulant ADHD medications
If stimulant medications don’t work to improve someone’s ADHD symptoms or they are contraindicated, a physician may recommend a non-stimulant medication. Non-stimulant medications often work by targeting norepinephrine to manage ADHD symptoms. Non-stimulants are not controlled substances and may be recommended for people who experience side effects from stimulants or people with a history of substance use.
The BetterHelp platform is not intended for any information regarding which drugs, medication, or medical treatment may be appropriate for you. The content is providing generalized information, not specific for one individual. You should not take any action without consulting with a qualified medical professional. BetterHelp now offers psychiatry services through Uplift. Learn more about medication management here.
Finding the right dose
Finding the right dosage can be part of minimizing the side effects of ADHD medication for some people. When beginning medication, your healthcare provider may try different dosages to find what works best. Some symptoms, like headaches, may subside after a few days to weeks. If you experience prolonged side effects, like moodiness or irritability, it may signal the need to try a different dosage or medication. Talk with your doctor about any side effects that you may experience.
How online therapy can fit into a treatment plan for ADHD
In addition to medication, certain types of therapy may be effective in managing symptoms of ADHD.
While medication may be effective in managing behavior in some younger people with ADHD, experts recommend that children younger than 6 years old try behavior therapy. Behavior therapy may help children modify behaviors and learn positive behaviors. Since behavior therapy may be more effective when reinforced by the parents at home, the child’s doctor may recommend parent training in behavior therapy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been proven to be effective in managing ADHD symptoms in adults. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for ADHD aims to help people with ADHD identify negative thought and behavior patterns and restructure them into more positive and beneficial thoughts and behaviors.
Online therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of ADHD, especially for people and families who might be on waiting lists for in-person therapists or lack providers in their area. Sites like BetterHelp can match you with a mental health professional from their network online.
Online therapy is also generally more cost-effective than in-person therapy, especially for people who otherwise might have to take time off work, pay for transportation, or seek out childcare. There also may be other treatment options for those with ADHD, whether it is a different type of therapy or the utilization of support groups.
BetterHelp now offers psychiatry services through UpLift, allowing members to manage ADHD symptoms with the support of licensed psychiatric professionals. Services available through BetterHelp include evaluations, medication management*, and treatment planning. A combination of psychiatric care and therapy can serve as the core component of a holistic treatment plan for ADHD or related mental health concerns. Note that controlled substances—including those used to treat ADHD—are not available through the platform.
*Medication availability and coverage may vary by member location, clinical appropriateness, and individual pharmacy/insurance benefits. Prescribing decisions are made by the treating clinicians. We do not guarantee that any specific medication will be prescribed or covered by a member’s insurance plan.
UpLift is in-network with many major insurance providers, which can make psychiatric treatment through BetterHelp an affordable option. Additionally, users wait an average of only 2.6 days before their first appointment, which is substantially less time than the national average of over two months.
Takeaway
Medications for ADHD may cause side effects. However, understanding these effects can be a step toward informed usage. Doctors typically monitor progress with your medication and how it affects your health, especially if you have other medical conditions. Some medication may carry the potential risk of dependency, so speak to your doctor about concerns before taking a medication.
Research your medications and monitor your body to notice signs that the medication may or may not be working. If you keep an open conversation with your doctor, they can help you choose a the right medication for you, taking into consideration any potential side effects to monitor for.
What are the negative side effects of ADHD medication?
There are many ADHD medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Even so, ADHD medication side effects can vary greatly depending on the prescription and the individual. Common side effects may include insomnia, decreased appetite, increased heart rate, and potential changes in mood. Less common but more severe side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood pressure, or liver issues. Discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage them effectively.
Does ADHD medication have long-term side effects for your health?
The long-term effects of ADHD medication are an area of ongoing research. While some studies suggest that stimulant medications may be safe for long-term use when appropriately prescribed and monitored, doctors often consider individual factors when looking at potential side effects. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can allow you and your doctor to assess the ongoing safety and effectiveness of ADHD medication.
Is blood pressure affected by ADHD medication?
Stimulants may lead to an increase in blood pressure. Individuals who experience this effect can speak with a doctor about the most appropriate options for care.
How does ADHD medication make you feel?
ADHD stimulant medications can have different effects on individuals. These medications may improve focus and impulse control in those with ADHD, but the specific side effects experienced can vary. Some individuals report a sense of being calmer and more in control, while others may not notice as significant of an effect. Some doctors may start patients on a low stimulant dose to test its effects and adjust over time. Discuss any effects or concerns with a healthcare provider.
If an individual experiences significant negative side effects from a stimulant medication, their healthcare professional may switch them to a different stimulant medication or to a non-stimulant alternative. Non-stimulant medications may have a more gradual impact on symptoms.
What are the most common effects of stimulants?
Common side effects of stimulants can include insomnia, loss of appetite, increased heart rate, and potential changes in mood. Less common but more severe side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood pressure, or liver issues. Individuals can discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider to monitor and manage them effectively.
Is weight gain a side effect of ADHD meds?
Since stimulant medications can act as an appetite suppressant, they may be associated with weight loss. On the other hand, other classes of psychiatric medications, like antipsychotics and antidepressants, may be more commonly associated with weight gain, although this differs between specific medications. Monitor weight fluctuations while under the care of a healthcare provider.
Do ADHD meds help with anxiety?
Anxiety disorders often coexist with ADHD, so how whether or not you see changes in your anxiety may depend on the underlying cause of the anxiety. It is important to note that there are some whose anxiety improves with ADHD treatment, while some stimulant medications may exacerbate symptoms of anxiety disorders. Studies have shown that some non-stimulant medications can improve symptoms related to both conditions simultaneously.
While selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are not primarily indicated for the treatment of anxiety, they may indirectly reduce anxiety symptoms in individuals with ADHD. Similarly, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine are not approved for the treatment of ADHD, although they may improve co-occurring anxiety. In any case, specific treatment for anxiety and ADHD can be discussed with a healthcare provider.
What is the safest ADHD medication?
Determining the safest ADHD medicine depends on various factors, including individual factors, medical history, and specific symptoms. There are both stimulant and non-stimulant medications that are FDA-approved and considered safe when prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional. The safety of a particular medication is assessed based on the individual's unique profile and needs.
Is it OK to take ADHD medication every day?
Yes, it can be safe to take ADHD medication every day if they are prescribed for daily use. For some, daily use may be the best way to manage the condition consistently since symptoms may flare up as the medication wears off. Follow the prescribed dosage and schedule and communicate regularly with your healthcare provider regarding medication effectiveness and any side effects.
Can you treat ADHD without medication?
Perhaps the most effective way to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without medication is to work with a trained mental healthcare provider who offers therapeutic services. In particular, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective treatment method for ADHD. This method can be helpful for developing skills like organization, goal and routine-setting, and distraction management.
ADHD may cause deficiencies in two brain chemicals (neurotransmitters): dopamine and norepinephrine. Studies suggest that vigorous exercise, which boosts the activity of these neurotransmitters, may be an effective strategy to decrease symptoms of attention disorders like ADHD.
Other natural methods, such as herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and EEG biofeedback (which measures a person’s brain waves), can be helpful for some people. However, additional research is needed before these approaches are considered proven remedies, and alternative approaches may not be effective compared to evidence-based practices. Consult a healthcare professional to tailor an adequate treatment plan.
Does ADHD get worse with age?
Since ADHD is a lifelong condition, the condition cannot be cured. However, one’s symptoms and functioning may change over time. Though the condition persists into adulthood, symptoms often become less prominent with age. Treating ADHD using proper methods may help individuals manage and adapt to these changes. Effective management through behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of interventions may help individuals with ADHD lead fulfilling lives.
Does BetterHelp offer psychiatry and medication management?
Yes. BetterHelp now offers psychiatry services through Uplift. BetterHelp psychiatry and medication management services provide virtual mental health care for individuals ages 18 and older who are experiencing mild to severe behavioral health symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and other conditions that may benefit from psychiatric consultation and ongoing medication management. Psychiatry is an additional care option available alongside therapy and can be part of a holistic mental health care experience. Psychiatry services may include medication management when clinically appropriate. All treatment decisions are made by a licensed psychiatric provider.
Are psychiatry and medication management covered by insurance on BetterHelp?
Yes. BetterHelp now offers psychiatry services that may be covered by insurance through Uplift. Many Uplift providers are in-network with most major insurance carriers (for eligible members the average copay is only $20). The cost of your medication will depend on your insurance plan. We recommend speaking with your insurance to learn how much your medication will cost. Try asking about your copay, deductible, and whether they cover your prescribed medication.
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