Understanding media stereotypes and the importance of diverse representation

The origin of stereotypes can be traced back to various factors. Often, stereotypes develop due to limited social exposure that leads to oversimplified generalizations surrounding certain social groups. While cultural narratives, personal experiences, and cognitive processes may play a role in the development and perpetuation of stereotypes, the influence of popular media is far-reaching. 

Though recent history has seen somewhat of a cultural-wide push for expanded representation in media, stereotypes regarding gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation continue to be perpetuated through mass media and culture. It may be helpful to explore the often harmful nature of media stereotypes and the importance of more diverse and inclusive representation in popular culture to understand this complex relationship. 

The harmful effects of stereotyping in media

Understanding how psychology influences the origins of stereotypes may clarify their role within the media. Within psychology, the mental process of categorization, which involves sorting objects into groups and organizing knowledge, can play a significant role. For instance, people commonly categorize cats and dogs under the broader group of "animals."

While cognitive categorization can be helpful in certain contexts, it becomes problematic and potentially harmful when applied to social groups. For example, stereotypes centered on racial and ethnic minorities have the power to fuel prejudice, discrimination, and hate. 

Stereotyping has been prevalent in broadcast television, literature, film, music, and news media for years. In fictional media, certain ethnic minorities are often portrayed as one-dimensional archetypes of their respective cultures. Women are often portrayed as sexual objects, whereas male characters may be represented as harsh and unemotional. 

While certain stereotypes in media may appear “positive” on the surface, these concepts are often rooted in gender, sexuality, and racial biases. For instance, when the media portrays certain ethnic groups as “smart” and “studious,” it can erase individuality and perpetuate shallow, cursory ideas of entire minority groups. 

Stereotypes can affect public perception and individual sense of self. Unrealistic and one-dimensional portrayals of beauty, intelligence, and demeanor tied to certain genders, races, ethnicities, ages, religions, and sexualities often create self-esteem issues for those who are subject to stereotyping. 

Research on the harmful impacts of stereotypes

At their most harmful, negative representations of minority groups and racial stereotypes in media coverage can lead to bigotry, intolerance, and violence. Though people may understand that mass media has the power to influence widely held beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, the extent of its power has been researched extensively.

Studies suggest that media influences through two effects: the individual effect and the social effect. A study published by the Harvard Kennedy School explains, “In the individual effect, media information about new norms may persuade individuals to accept them. In the social effect, the information creates common knowledge of a norm. It enhances social coordination as individuals more readily accept the information if they believe others have also accepted it.” 

Through gaining insight into the powerful effect of media on individuals and society, the harmful nature of stereotypes in media is often clear. While the subject remains complex and nuanced, the benefit of overcoming and challenging stereotypes continues to become more apparent. 

The importance of representation in media

When media accurately reflects the diversity of the offline world, it challenges stereotypes, breaks down barriers, and promotes inclusivity. Seeing diverse individuals and communities represented across different platforms allows marginalized groups to be acknowledged, validated, and empowered. 

Moreover, diverse representation fosters a more comprehensive understanding of the human experience, encouraging empathy, cultural appreciation, and social cohesion. Media can be a powerful tool for promoting equality, dismantling biases, and creating a more inclusive society by showcasing a wide range of perspectives, identities, and stories.

Overcoming and challenging media stereotypes

Confronting and overcoming media stereotypes necessitates a combined effort from individuals and society. At the individual level, each person can play a part in challenging stereotypes by scrutinizing their own beliefs and assumptions. Engaging in introspection often allows individuals to recognize who is most impacted by media stereotypes and how they might internalize them. 

On a larger scale, media literacy education and including diverse representation in popular media can influence the cultural and cognitive factors associated with stereotyping. By expanding technology and introducing new media formats such as Instagram, TikTok, and other virtual platforms, diverse artists, creators, and other entities are working to create more access to mass media play. 

How to cope if harmful stereotypes have impacted you

If you’ve been affected by harmful stereotypes about your marginalized identity, you’re not alone. Below are a few ways to cope with these impacts. 

Find community

Finding others who share your identity, culture, and ideas may be beneficial when experiencing the harmful impacts of stereotypes. Having someone who understands your struggles to talk to in difficult moments can be cathartic and help you build long-lasting bonds. In addition, you may experience a sense of relief in not having to explain yourself to people who may not understand you. 

Spread awareness and educate others

It is not your responsibility to educate others about your marginalized identity. However, if you’re interested in activism and enjoy spreading awareness, it may help reduce the impact of media stereotypes in your community. Some people may use their experiences of oppression or marginalization to share hope, empathy, and education with others. 

Reach out for professional support 

If you are struggling with the negative consequences of media stereotyping, therapy may offer valuable guidance toward challenging and harmful impacts. A therapist can guide you through evidence-based practices for reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. A therapist may also be a helpful resource for those living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the harmful impacts of marginalization. 

People in marginalized communities, such as ethnic minority groups, are often at a higher risk of mental illness, suicide, and stress. However, they may also be more likely to struggle with income disparities and a lack of resources. In these cases, online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp may offer a flexible and affordable way to find care. In addition, online therapy platforms can allow you to choose an LGBTQ+ therapist or BIPOC therapist to talk to. You can also select your preferred gender of the therapist. 

Along with ease, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, online therapy has been proven to provide quality care, with research showing it is equally as effective as in-person therapy.

Takeaway

Diverse representation in the media can profoundly impact societal perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs. Understanding the power of media to influence society at large can help you work toward advancing society and culture by dismantling harmful stereotypes. If you’re experiencing the detrimental impacts of stereotypes in your life, you might also consider contacting a professional to explore the implications in further detail. Connect with a therapist online or in your area to get started.