Coping Strategies For Anxiety And Mental Health
Most of us experience anxiety occasionally—it’s a normal response to stressful events, major life changes, and other challenging situations. For some, though, anxiety can become a severe and consistent presence, affecting emotional well-being, physical health, and ability to function.
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental illness in the US, affecting approximately 40 million adults annually.
Because of this prevalence, the significant impacts anxiety can produce, and the varied circumstances in which anxiety can arise, developing a repertoire of coping strategies can be important. To that end, we’ve compiled a list of ten coping strategies you can use to help manage the symptoms of anxiety in your life.
Understanding anxiety
Anxiety, or anxiousness, is a natural and often necessary response to stress or perceived threats. It involves temporary feelings of worry, nervousness, or unease, and can manifest both mentally and physically.
When you are anxious, you may experience unease, worry, or even fear, as well as physical symptoms like sweating, increased heart rate, dizziness, trembling, and gastrointestinal issues. You may find it difficult to concentrate or calm down, and could feel compelled to avoid certain situations or activities that you feel may exacerbate your anxiety.
It’s normal to experience anxiety from time-to-time, such as before a big test, an important meeting, or major life event. This type of anxiety is typically short-lived, and can even be motivating. However, when it becomes chronic or overwhelming, it may be indicative of an anxiety disorder.
Recognizing anxiety disorders
Unlike anxiousness, which is temporary and situation-specific, anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent, excessive worry and fear that can significantly impair daily functioning.
Common anxiety disorders include:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Panic Disorder
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Specific Phobias
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Symptoms of anxiety disorders will depend on the specific type of anxiety disorder but may include persistent negative thoughts, feelings of overwhelm, and panic attacks. These anxiety symptoms can cause issues at work or school, impact relationships, contribute to physical health issues, and even occur alongside other mental health disorders like depression.
The primary treatment options for anxiety are typically psychotherapy and medication. In addition to these modalities, experts have identified a number of practices and activities that can help reduce anxiety symptoms.
10 evidence-based ways and techniques to manage anxiety and stress to improve mental health
If you’re living with an anxiety disorder, you can benefit from engaging in habits and activities aimed at reducing anxiety. This may involve committing to a healthy lifestyle that reduces the occurrence of anxious episodes, and practices that limit the severity of anxiety symptoms.
Self-care as one of the strategies for anxiety and depression management
Self-care refers to the act of improving or safeguarding one’s mental, physical, and emotional health. Research suggests that self-care can reduce stress levels, anxiety, improve physical health, and lead to an overall higher quality of life.
This includes healthy lifestyle habits such as:
- Getting enough sleep
- Maintaining a healthy diet
- Exercising regularly
- Spending time with friends and loved ones
- Limiting screen time
- Maintaining a reasonable work-life balance
However, your practice can include almost anything that nourishes your body and soul. Self-care can include journaling, meditating, drinking a cup of coffee, playing the guitar, or reading. In addition to reducing stress, self-care can help take your mind off of ruminative thoughts that may contribute to anxiety.
Mindfulness for anxiety
Mindfulness refers to a state of increased awareness of and control over one’s thoughts, feelings, and surroundings. Whereas anxiety might cause “runaway thoughts” that impact your emotional and physical wellbeing, mindfulness can help you quiet your mind, relax, and cultivate a sense of presence.
To learn this skill for anxiety, consider using guided mindfulness meditations, doing deep breathing exercises, or delving into mindfulness as a practice through self-study. Mindfulness-based therapies have been found to be especially effective for treating anxiety, and can help you learn the fundamentals of mindfulness so you can practice it in your day-to-day life.
Exercise as a coping strategy to manage anxiety and stress
There is a substantial body of evidence pointing to the benefits of physical activity for anxiety. When we exercise, our bodies produce endorphins, which can decrease pain and create feelings of happiness. This can alleviate stress, improve your mood, and improve sleep quality all of which may reduce anxiety symptoms.
If you’re experiencing acute anxiety, consider taking a walk, practicing yoga, or engaging in some other type of physical exercise that elevates your heart rate for a sustained period. You might also consider how you can incorporate more physical activity into your daily routine to help keep anxiety symptoms at bay.
Take a bath
Soaking in warm water has been found to offer several benefits for our mental and physical health, including reduced anxiety symptoms. Taking a bath can help ease anxiety and tension in your body, relieve pain that may exacerbate stress, and decrease feelings of irritability or anger. You can make your bath even more relaxing by mixing in a calming essential oil like lavender or sandalwood.
Recent research suggests a link between mental wellness and creative activities like arts and crafts. If your anxiety symptoms feel overwhelming, you may benefit from engaging in a creative pursuit, such as painting, drawing, or playing an instrument. Whatever your chosen medium, a creative pursuit can be an effective way to manage anxiety-inducing thoughts.
Prioritize rest and sleep for better mental health
If you’re struggling to manage your anxiety, it might help to stop and rest. This could mean taking a short break, taking a mental health day off work, or even just going to bed early.
Because a lack of adequate sleep is known to trigger and exacerbate anxiety, it may also be worth addressing any sleep hygiene issues that could be impacting sleep quality or duration. To help you get the recommended 8 hours, try to implement a healthy night-time routine, avoid screens before bed, and maintain a regular sleep schedule.
Spend time in nature and do physical activity
Research has found that connecting with nature can help lower anxiety—both acute and chronic. Consider looking for ways to incorporate nature into your daily routine, such as taking a walk in a park, hiking, gardening, or simply spending time outdoors. This connection with nature can provide a calming effect, reduce anxiety, and improve overall mental health.
While alcohol may briefly relax you, it can also lead to poor sleep, disrupt your self-care routine, and impact your overall health and wellbeing, which can in turn cause or worsen anxiety.
This could help explain the strong link between alcohol use disorder and anxiety disorders—and why abstaining from alcohol is associated with a lower risk of anxiety. To avoid these negative effects, consider limiting alcohol consumption, particularly late at night, or abstaining altogether.
Anxiety support system
A strong social network is considered a vital aspect of mental wellness, making it important to build up a support system around you. Friends, family members, colleagues, and neighbors can be a source of both emotional and practical support as you learn to manage your anxiety and contend with day-to-day stressors. You might also consider seeking out anxiety support groups, either online or in your local area.
Involve an anxiety professional
A mental health provider can help you work through the emotional challenges of anxiety, learn about potential sources of your feelings, and address co-occurring conditions. In therapy, you’ll learn how to implement the above coping strategies, as well as learn other coping and mindfulness skills so you can better manage your anxiety symptoms.
Therapy for managing anxiety and improving mental health
If you struggle to manage anxiety with at-home coping strategies, it may be worth seeking professional help. Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction are two interventions that have been found to be effective in treating anxiety.
If you are looking for a flexible, affordable, and convenient way to attend anxiety therapy from the comfort of home, online therapy through a platform like BetterHelp may be an option. Research suggests that online therapy is as efficacious as in-person treatment for anxiety disorders and depression.
With BetterHelp, you can work with a qualified mental health professional remotely via phone, video call, or live chat. Your BetterHelp membership also includes useful resources like guided journaling, group therapy, and digital worksheets geared toward helping you develop healthy strategies for coping with anxiety.
Takeaway
What are some good strategies or techniques for managing anxiety?
Healthy coping mechanisms for anxious feelings may include the following:
- Regular exercise
- Relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation
- Grounding exercises
- Deep breathing
- Positive affirmations
- Meditation
- Aromatherapy
- Mindfulness, or focusing on the present moment
- Stretching to release muscle tension
A licensed mental health professional can provide extra support and help you form a personalized anxiety management plan. While you may never stop anxiety completely, therapy can help you bring anxiety to a manageable level.
Emotional management skills generally refer to everyday coping strategies people use in response to stress. For example, someone who is stressed at work may take a minute to step away and mindfully sip a cup of tea before they return to their project with a clearer mind. When you have healthy coping strategies, you tend to be more resilient and better able to manage life’s challenges. Coping strategies can also help you manage symptoms of mental health disorders, like anxiety.
Are emotional management skills always helpful and positive?
These skills aren’t always helpful and positive. Some methods of handling your emotions can be harmful or negative. Procrastination, ignoring your feelings, misusing substances, and withdrawing socially are just a few examples of maladaptive coping strategies that are likely to do more harm than good.
What is the value of being conscious about one's coping strategies for anxiety and depression?
When you’re conscious about these coping strategies, you can choose strategies that are both healthy and effective. Rather than spending time on unhelpful strategies, you can effectively identify triggers, manage your anxiety and other concerns, and stay healthy.
It can be helpful to start by identifying the unhealthy strategies you use to manage emotions and the anxiety triggers that typically lead you to use them. Next, you can determine healthier coping strategies to replace them with.
As with all lifestyle changes, changing the way you cope with stress or anxiety can be a process, and it will likely take time as you gradually increase the frequency with which you use healthy coping strategies. You may benefit from working with a licensed therapist who can guide you and offer additional insight and resources.
How does the concept of coping behaviors apply to self-care, such as physical activity?
Self-care typically involves healthy activities that promote well-being. Meanwhile, coping strategies usually refer to behaviors that we engage in when stressed or upset to manage difficult emotions. While self-care can be thought of as a preventative measure, coping strategies tend to be more reactive.
If you’re going through a challenging time, it can be excellent to set aside time each day for self-care activities. You might also schedule a session with a licensed therapist who can help you determine the best way to navigate your current difficulties and ensure you’re using positive self-talk.
Coping mechanisms that may improve mental health or reduce anxiety include the following:
- Exercising
- Taking deep breaths
- Following a guided meditation
- Doing yoga
- Using aromatherapy
- Journaling
- Practicing mindfulness
- Attending a support group meeting
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