What Are Monogamous Relations? Is Monogamy Right For You?

Medically reviewed by Lauren Fawley , LPCAndrea Brant, LMHC, and Laura Angers Maddox, NCC, LPC
Updated November 14th, 2025 by BetterHelp Editorial Team

Monogamy—originating from the late Latin “monogamia”—is a state or practice where two partners sexually and romantically commit only to the other person. In many modern relationships, this involves having only one partner for sexual and romantic endeavors, regardless of marital status. While some romantic and sexual relationships with sexual exclusivity involve marriage, marriage isn’t required for this relationship style. Serial monogamy—committing to one partner at a time but not for life—is one of the most common relationship structures; many nonmonogamous relationships are stigmatized by Western cultures.

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The origin and meaning of the word "monogamy"

The word monogamy comes from the ancient Greek “monos,” which means single, and “gamos,” meaning marriage. In general, monogamy involves having only one spouse or one other person with whom one is involved romantically and sexually. Monogamy doesn’t always involve marriage, but it can. As a relationship framework, monogamy works for some people, but not everyone.

How sexual and romantic exclusivity are defined

In sexual relationships, being sexually monogamous can be defined as having only one sexual partner to whom you remain faithful, even if sexual attraction to others arises. Romantic exclusivity is similar, involving only one romantic partner. When a partner is unfaithful despite having established exclusivity, it can lead to hurt feelings, broken trust, and the end of a relationship.

The psychology of monogamy

The definition of monogamy is a union with only one person at a time, sometimes referred to as "pair-bonding," and is a type of romantic relationship structure. Whether or not monogamy is the innate form of relationships among humans is undetermined. Some studies theorize that, while infidelity and having more than one spouse are common features of many relationships, serial monogamous relationships may be a more frequent and common form of human relationships. Other studies elaborate on why monogamous marriage may be seen more commonly, proposing that individuals vary in sexual, romantic, reproductive, and parenting behavior and that social stigma is the driver that makes many people identify as monogamous.

Some people prefer monogamous relationships, while others prefer consensually non-monogamous, polyamorous, or open relationships. Open or polyamorous relationships are generally not to be confused with concepts like polygamy, which involves having several spouses at the same time and is illegal in many parts of the world.

Why do some choose monogamy?

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Monogamy is uncommon among most other mammals, with 3-5% engaging in strictly monogamous relationships with a mate of the opposite sex. And in fact, humans are no outlier: less than 20% of cultures exhibit strictly monogamous behavior. Many more present a mix where monogamy is just one common structure among several.

Evolutionarily, there is some evidence that having multiple partners can be beneficial. Some scientists postulate that parental involvement originating from non-monogamous bonding allowed for the provision of extra food for offspring, enabling the evolution of the large brains that define our species. As one researcher put it, “the optimal evolutionary strategy is monogamy when necessary, polygamy when possible”.

Regardless of theories on the development of relationship structures in human history, many people choose to pursue social monogamy, committing to only one mate and having just one sexual partner at a time. Some may feel safer with monogamy, and some may prefer strictly monogamous romantic relationships due to their religious beliefs, life experiences, personal preferences, or a desire to avoid the social stigma associated with non-monogamy, such as having more than one wife.

Emotional and psychological aspects of monogamy

For many people, monogamy brings a sense of deep connection, warmth, and safety. A focus on shared goals and values, as well as regular quality time together, can contribute to healthy long-term relationships. Effective communication skills can help a monogamous or married couple navigate hurt feelings and concerns. Couples therapy can also be a valuable resource for those struggling to maintain monogamous relationships.

The role of biology and neuroscience in monogamy

Brain chemistry, hormones, and attachment styles can all influence how monogamy works for an individual. Monogamy varies between humans and many other animals, with the biology of some species leading them to be more sexually monogamous than others. In humans, sexual relationships and choices related to sexual activity have evolved over time, particularly with the advent of birth control.

Challenges in maintaining monogamy

Although monogamy can come with a variety of benefits, it can also come with challenges. For example, keeping a relationship monogamous even when sexual attraction to other people arises can be difficult in some cases. In addition, effective communication tends to be crucial for maintaining monogamy. There’s generally a need to spend time talking about hurt feelings and what each person did wrong in order to resolve conflict, whereas it may be easier to simply walk away or turn to another partner in non-monogamous relationships. 

Different ideas of monogamy around the world

Not every culture practices monogamy, and there are various forms of relationships to explore. Some societies historically practiced group marriages or allowed men to have multiple wives, for example. Today, monogamy doesn’t just refer to lifelong partnership; it can also involve serial monogamy, or having a succession of different monogamous relationships. Evolving views on equal rights in marriage and relationships have led to same-sex and LGBTQIA+ marriages being recognized in many places. 

Monogamy vs. consensual non-monogamy

While monogamy involves being committed to one person, consensual non-monogamy can allow partners to decide on their own relationship agreement. It’s crucial for all individuals involved to be aware and fully consent to all aspects of this relationship. Often, this requires them to talk at length about different ideas and decide what type of rules or boundaries they would like to have.

Monogamy and modern relationships

Contemporary couples are redefining monogamy through different ideas about what a relationship agreement should entail. While some may decide that monogamy works for them, others may choose not to be monogamous people in favor of consensual non-monogamy or another relationship style.

Online therapy for relationships

We are working with select insurance carriers to join their network. Some therapists on the BetterHelp platform now accept insurance (state-limited). Until then, our flexible subscription model continues to be an option to receive quality care from our extensive therapist network.

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If you feel unsure about what type of relationship is right for you or your relationship, you may consider seeking the guidance of a couple’s therapist through online therapy. A 2022 study found that online couples therapy is as effective as in-person therapy. 

Additionally, online therapy can provide a physical barrier from your therapist, which some people find can lower their fear of judgment or stigma and help them remain open and relaxed during sessions. Unlike individual therapy, which is frequently covered by insurance, couples therapy is less commonly covered. For these individuals, online couples therapy may be less expensive than in-person therapy.

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Takeaway

Relationship structures are not one-size-fits-all. For some, monogamous relationships may be more desirable, and for others, consensual non-monogamous relationships are more appealing. Either way, consent is an important aspect of a healthy relationship. Online therapy sources, like BetterHelp, can match you with a licensed therapist who can help you understand your relationship structure preferences and navigate challenges in romantic and sexual relationships. Whether you decide to keep your relationship monogamous or try another type of relationship agreement, choosing to talk to a therapist can provide you with professional support.
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