Can Alzheimer’s be seen on an MRI?

Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable, progressive form of dementia that results in widespread damage to nerve cell connections within the brain and loss of brain mass over time. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s are memory loss, difficulty with daily tasks, losing things, changes in mood or personality, social withdrawal, poor judgment like impulsive or out-of-character money decisions, poor hygiene, and psychological or behavioral problems.

Doctors typically begin assessing Alzheimer’s with a thorough physical examination and screening tests that measure general cognitive functioning. This usually takes place in the doctor’s office. These tests may help determine if a problem exists or if the changes are experienced from the aging process. There are multiple causes of dementia, and while Alzheimer’s is responsible for most dementia cases, your doctor will work to rule out other potential explanations.

MRI or magnetic resonance imaging is used to help diagnose in some cases. MRI can rule out other causes of Alzheimer’s symptoms like stroke or brain tumor. MRI is also useful in measuring the volume of the brain. The hippocampus, a portion of the brain that helps us access memories, is affected by Alzheimer’s. Memory changes are one of the more common and earliest symptoms, so an MRI that examines this area of the brain can help aid in diagnosis. Because Alzheimer’s can cause shrinkage in the brain's hippocampus, changes in volume observed in MRI can indicate Alzheimer’s.

MRI isn’t how Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed, but it is a helpful diagnostic tool in the process. Your doctor will still perform a physical exam, cognitive ability testing, and take a full family history as part of your diagnosis. You may be referred to a specialist or for an MRI as part of the diagnostic process.

Alzheimer’s isn’t a curable problem, and at present, treatments focus on reducing and managing symptoms. Medications to support memory, behavior, and sleep are commonly used. Prevention through lifestyle changes is helpful in some research. Exercise, a heart-healthy diet, and maintaining social and intellectual activities can all help prevent Alzheimer’s.

If you or a loved one are struggling with symptoms of Alzheimer’s, reach out to your doctor, or contact the Alzheimer’s Association Helpline at 1-800-272-3900.