Why depression happens?

Depression is a mood disorder that can become debilitating if left untreated. Feelings of sadness or feeling low can be normal responses to events and circumstances most people experience at some point in life. Still, depression, when disordered, can be serious. Researchers are still working to understand all of the potential causes of depression and find effective treatments for the condition.

Symptoms of depression include:

• Feeling sad, empty, worthless, guilty, or hopeless
• Sleep difficulties like insomnia or hypersomnia
• Tiredness, exhaustion, or fatigue
• Anxiety, worry, or nervousness
• Slower thinking and body movement
• Trouble concentrating, focusing and remembering things.
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Loss of interest in once enjoyed activities
• Thoughts of death or suicide
• Physical pain with no underlying physical cause

If you’re experiencing suicidal thoughts, go to your nearest emergency department, or contact the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at 1-800-273-8255.

Scientists don’t yet know exactly what causes depression, but many factors influence its development based on current information. Genetics may play at least a small role, as current evidence shows that having a family member with depression increases the likelihood that you may experience it yourself. Behavioral and environmental factors may be in play when it comes to family links, however. Family members often share environments, and so that may predispose family members to depression. Behaviors are observed and modeled within families, contributing to the family links researchers have found.

Biological differences in the brains of people with depression have been observed, but at present, it isn’t clear what role these potential physical differences may play. The chemistry of the brain may also play a role. Certain neurotransmitters appear to interact differently or be produced at higher or lower rates in people with depression, although researchers aren’t entirely sure how these fit into mood regulation.

Changes in hormones, like those experienced during and following pregnancy, may also play a role. Certain medical conditions can also cause fluctuations with hormones that may impact mood or the development of depression. Some evidence shows that stress management and nutrition may also play a role in the development of depression.

If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, talk with your doctor or a licensed mental health counselor to discuss your concerns. Your doctor will work to determine if an underlying medical condition may be causing symptoms. Depression is typically treated with therapy, medication, or a combination of both.